II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009 APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Code No: W1121
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. a) Define the following terms and write their units
i) Specific conductance ii) equivalent conductance
iii) Cell constant iv) molar conductance
b) Describe the method for the determination of equivalent conductance at infinite
dilution of acetic acid
2. a) Define polymer and polymerization
b) Explain types of polymerization with suitable examples
3. a) Write about the impurities of water
b) Explain Hardness of water in detail.
4. a) Describe the separation of organelles from rat liver
b) Explain proton pumps.
5. a) Discuss the chemical nature of enzymes.
b) Explain the properties of enzymes.
6. Justify that citric acid cycle is the final common metabolic pathway for the oxidation of
food stuffs.
7. Write about the composition of blood along with their functions.
8. Discuss how the automated analyzers are superior to manual techniques in the sample
analysis.
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SET - 1
Code No: W1121
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. a) specific conductance decreases with dilution while equivalent conductance increases,
give reasons
b) The solution containing 3.654gms of KCl for 100gms was electrolysed using silver
coated with AgCl as cathode. After electrolysis 122.93gms of cathode solution
containing 5.0136gms KCl and 1.978gms of Ag was deposited in the coulometer.
Calculate the transport number of cation in KCl.
2. a) Explain thermosetting and thermoplastics polymers
b) Write short notes on degree of polymerization
3. Describe in detail treatment of water for domestic use
4. Write short notes on:
i) Flow cytometry ii)Mitochondria
iii)Nucleus iv)Diffusion
5. What are enzyme inhibitors? Explain different types of enzyme inhibitions with suitable
examples.
6. a) Discuss the energetics of glucose metabolism
b) Write notes on glycogen storage diseases.
7. Write in detail about different types of white blood cells along with their function.
8. Define Isotopes and write about their applications in Biology and medicine.
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SET - 2
Code No: W1121
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. a) what are conductors? How are they classified? Differentiate a metallic conductor
from electrolytic conductors
b) What is a cell constant? Explain the measurement of conductance by Wheatstone
bridge
2. a) Explain the steps involved in free radical polymerization
b) Write preparation, properties and important applications of PVC
3. Write short notes on the following:
i)Principles of EDTA titrations ii)Lime-soda process
iii)Viscosity Index iv)Solid Lubricants
4. Describe stepwise flow of electrons through electron transport using NADH2 to O2
5. Write an essay on irreversible inhibitors. Discuss the significance of irreversible
inhibitors.
6. a) Discuss the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol.
b) Write a note on synthesis of bile acids.
7. Write about different types of plasma proteins and their functions.
8. Write about the Principle of Fluroscence. Write the instrumentation and applications of
Spectroflurometry and how it can be used for the estimation of clinical samples.
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SET - 3
Code No: W1121
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. Explain the conductometric titrations of the following
i) Strong acid (vs) strong base ii) weak acid (vs) strong base
iii) Weak acid (vs) weak base iv) silver nitrite (vs) halides
2. a) explain the mechanism of condensation polymerization with suitable example
b) Write preparation, properties and important applications of Bakelite
3. a) Explain various properties of lubricants
b).50 ml of standard hard water containing 1mg of pure CaCo3/ml and consumed 30 ml
of EDTA.50 ml of water sample consumed 25ml of the same EDTA solution. Using
Eriochrome T indicator, calculate total hardness of water?
4. a) Describe the cell architecture and basic function of each organelle
b)Calculate , (Kilocalories/mole) for the reaction :
Succinate + FAD  Fumarate +FADH2
Fumarate: Succinate E’O 0.03 V
FAD : FADH2 E’O 0V
5. a) Explain the concept of Allosteric enzymes with suitable examples.
b) Discuss the mechanism and kinetic behaviour of Allosteric enzymes.
6. Describe the urea cycle. Write notes on its metabolic disorders.
7. What are different types of lipoproteins and discuss the electrophoretic separation profile
of lipoproteins.
8. Write the Principle of Flame Photometry and how it can be used for the estimation of
serum electrolytes.
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SET - 4
Code No: W1321/R07 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
(Electronics & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Derive the expression for maximum power transmitted by a belt drive.
(b) Explain the phenomenon of creep in belts. [10+6]
2. (a) How is ON-OFF application of pneumatic amplifier.
(b) Show how ON-OFF control is implemented in pneumatic control scheme. [16]
3. (a) Differentiate between polarised and Non polarised relays.
(b) Draw the circuit of a DC relay and explain its operation.
(c) Explain how a relay can switch a higher current circuit with lower current
inputs. [4+6+6]
4. (a) Derive the expression for the transfer function of a field control dc motor.
(b) Explain the working of a dc servomotor with a neat sketch.
(c) Mention atleast two used of servomotors as control element. [6+6+4]
5. (a) What are difference between carbon and wire wound resistors.
(b) State the differences between linear and non-linear resistors.
(c) Classify capacitors according to the manufacture and dielectric used and given
their applications. [4+6+6]
6. (a) Draw the block diagram of 555 Timer and explain the function of each block.
(b) List the applications and specifications of 555 IC
(c) Draw the cut diagram of a astable using 555 timer. [6+4+6]
7. (a) Under normal conditions will a LED work with forward or never bias? Why?
(b) Discuss the internal structure and operation of light emitting diode.
(c) If a voltage source with two stage zero and are is connected in LED circuit
what happen to the output. Explain. [4+8+4]
8. (a) Draw and explain spectral transmittance characteristics of a multilayer inter-
ference filter.
(b) Briefly explain the behaviour of dichroic filter. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: W1321/R07 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
(Electronics & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Classify different chain drives and explain in brief the working of each.
(b) Briefly describe as to how power is transmitted through chains. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain how the diaphragms are used for the pressure measurement.
(b) Absolute pressure measuring device has to bellows each with 50mm of length,
effective area = 1500mm2 and stiffness 0.5N/mm. Bellow A is evacuated and
contains a spring of stiffness 3N/mm. Find required natural length of the
spring, if the bellows are equally compressed the length of 40mm. When the
pressure of 100 kN/m2 absolute is applied to B. [4+12]
3. (a) With neat diagrams explain the working of a synchro transmit receive system.
(b) Mention major applications of synchro system. [10+6]
4. (a) Discriminate between ordinary electric motors and Servo motors.
(b) Briefly explain the working of D.C and A.C servomotors with neat sketches.
[6+10]
5. (a) What are the losses that occur in capacitors and explain how they can be
minimized.
(b) How can the losses be used in some special application?
(c) What is meant by self healing property of an electrolytic capacitor?
(d) List the specifications of resistors. [4+4+4+4]
6. (a) With the help of functional diagram and circuit diagram explain the monostable
operation of 555 timer.
(b) Derive the expression for time delay of a monostable multivibrator. [10+6]
7. (a) Under normal conditions will a LED work with forward or never bias? Why?
(b) Discuss the internal structure and operation of light emitting diode.
(c) If a voltage source with two stage zero and are is connected in LED circuit
what happen to the output. Explain. [4+8+4]
8. (a) Discuss the spectral transmittance characteristics of an absorption filter.
(b) What are the parameters to be observed in the design of grating.
(c) Give two types of mounting of grating and explain the importance of mount
in the grating. [6+4+6]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: W1321/R07 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
(Electronics & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Compare the performance of cyclodial and involute profiled gears. [4+4]
(b) Explain the basic principle and operation of bevel gears. [4+4]
2. (a) Explain the principle under typing in pneumatic amplifier.
(b) How is proportional action achieved through pneumatic control mechanism?
[8+8]
3. (a) What is the difference between a switch and a relay? [4]
(b) Explain the working of a electromechanical relay with a neat sketch and give
the applications. [4+4+4]
4. (a) With diagram explain the operation of a permanent magnet stepper motor.
[4+4]
(b) How are stepper motors superior to ordinary motors under specific require-
ments. [8]
5. (a) Explain the difference between transition capacitance and diffusion capaci-
tance of a pn junction diode.
(b) Sketch the characteristics of ideal and practical diodes and explain them.
(c) Define the dynamic resistance of pn diode and explain how and why it varies
with current and temperature. Give the typical value of dynamic resistance
both for Si and Ge diodes. [2+6+8]
6. (a) Draw the pin configuration of 725 IC and explain each pin
(b) List the applications and specifications of 725 IC
(c) Draw the configuration of 723 IC and explain the purpose of each pin.[6+4+6]
7. (a) Under normal conditions will a LED work with forward or never bias? Why?
(b) Discuss the internal structure and operation of light emitting diode.
(c) If a voltage source with two stage zero and are is connected in LED circuit
what happen to the output. Explain. [4+8+4]
8. (a) Discuss the spectral transmittance characteristics of an absorption filter.
(b) What are the parameters to be observed in the design of grating.
(c) Give two types of mounting of grating and explain the importance of mount
in the grating. [6+4+6]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: W1321/R07 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
(Electronics & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Discuss the merits and demerits of Chain and Friction drives. [2+2+2+2]
(b) Mention application of chain and friction drives indicating the preference of
one over the other in specific system. [4+4]
2. (a) Discemete between an indicator and records as control component.
(b) Briefly explain the construction and working details of pneumatic recorder.
[8+8]
3. (a) Differentiate between a potentiometer and a rheostat.
(b) What is the difference between voltage and current transducers.
(c) Mention two uses of each of current and voltage transducers. [6+6+4]
4. (a) In what way is a stepper motor different from an ordinary motor? [4]
(b) Explain the working of a variable relectance stepper motor with a neat sketch.
[4]
(c) What is step angle and what is its significance? [8]
5. With neat sketches briefly explain the construction, behaviour of PN junction diode
under forward bias and reverse bias mode and also draw its volt-ampere character-
istics. [4+4+8]
6. (a) Give the construction, equivalent circuit and characteristics of DIAC and ex-
plain its operation.
(b) Sketch SCR phase control circuits for
i. 90 degrees phase control
ii. 180 degrees phase control.
In each case show the load waveform and explain the operation of the circuit.
[8+8]
7. (a) Explain the principle of working of a photodiode.
(b) Give the construction details of a photodiode and explain its working.
(c) Show how a photodiode be used as a photo detector. [6+6+4]
8. (a) List the different types of reflectors used in optical system. Explain any one
type.
(b) Describe the role of beam splitters in optical system. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: W2221/R07 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
CALIBRATION AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) A circuit is tuned for resonance by eight different students, the values of
frequencies in KHz are recorded as 532, 548, 543, 535, 546, 531, 543 and
536. Calculate
i. the arithmetic mean
ii. the deviation from the mean
iii. the average deviation
iv. Standard deviation.
(b) A 0-200V voltmeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 1% full scale reading. The
voltage measured is 83V. Calculate the limiting error in percent? [12+4]
2. (a) What are the international standards of mass, length and volume and explain
each of them briefly?
(b) Define the following terms:
i. International ohms
ii. International amperes
iii. Absolute units
iv. Universal time. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain how the required accuracy for standard instrument used in calibrat-
ing other instruments. Also explain why digital instrument may be used as
standard instrument for calibrating deflection instruments?
(b) Discuss the process of instrument calibration? [4+12]
4. Write short notes on any of the THREE:
(a) Series type ohmmeter
(b) Successive approximation type DVM
(c) Shunt type ohmmeter
(d) Potentiometric DVM.
[16]
5. (a) Discuss the problems associated in AC bridges if used for measurement at very
high frequencies.
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Code No: W2221/R07 Set No. 1
(b) A Hay bridge is used to measure an inductive impedance.The bridge constants
at balance are C1=0.1μF, R1= 20K
, R2= 5K
R3= 2K
and W=3000
rad/s. Calculate Lx, Rx. [8+8]
6. (a) What is the function of a gate control Flip-Flop in a frequency counter? Ex-
plain its operation.
(b) Explain how do you interface the seven-segment display to a counter.[2+6+8]
7. (a) Describe the electrostatic focusing system of a CRT.
(b) What is the minimum distance L, that will allow full deflection of 4 cm at the
oscilloscope screen with a deflection factor of 100 V/cm and with an acceler-
ating potential of 2000 V ? [8+8]
8. (a) Explain the two types of spectrum analyzers.
(b) What are the merits and demerits of F M recording? [7+7+2]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: W2221/R07 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
CALIBRATION AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Write short notes on any of the THREE:
(a) Gross errors
(b) Instrument errors
(c) Environmental errors
(d) Observational errors [16]
2. (a) Write short notes on the concept of resistance standards?
(b) Write short notes on IEEE standards?
(c) Write short notes on determination of standard meter? [8+4+4]
3. (a) Write short notes on the concept of instrument calibration chain?
(b) What is reliability and explain the concept of measurement reliability? [8+8]
4. (a) AC basic D’Arsonal movement with a full scale deflection of 50μA and internal
resistance of 500
is used as a voltmeter. Determine the value of the multiplier
resistance needed to measure the voltage range of 0-10V?
(b) Explain the performance characteristics of DVM’s? [8+8]
5. (a) Derive an expression for balance in an Anderson’s bridge. Draw the phasor
diagram under balance conditions.
(b) List the advantages and disadvantages of Anderson?s bridge. [10+6]
6. (a) With the help of a block diagram explain the multiplexed display technique
used in a frequency counter.
(b) Explain in detail about frequency mode errors and period mode errors. [4+6+6]
7. (a) Give a block diagram of dual beam oscilloscope and explain its working.
(b) Why is a delay line used in the vertical section of the oscilloscope? Explain
different types of delay lines. [8+2+6]
8. (a) Explain the two types of spectrum analyzers.
(b) What are the merits and demerits of F M recording? [7+7+2]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: W2221/R07 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
CALIBRATION AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Independent current measurement was taken by six observers and recorded as
12.8mA, 12.2mA, 12.5mA, 13.1mA, 12.9mA and 12.4mA. Calculate
i. the arithmetic mean
ii. the deviation from the mean
iii. the average deviations
iv. Standard deviation.
(b) A 0-150V voltmeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 1% full scale reading. The
voltage measured is 83V. Calculate the limiting error in percent? [12+6]
2. What is S.I system of units? Define the fundamental standards of this system [16]
3. Write short notes on the calibration of CRO, ammeter and voltmeter? [16]
4. (a) Write short notes on measurement of very large current by thermocouple
method?
(b) With a neat block diagram explain the microprocessor based ramp type DVM?
[8+8]
5. (a) Derive an expression for balance in an Anderson’s bridge. Draw the phasor
diagram under balance conditions.
(b) List the advantages and disadvantages of Anderson?s bridge. [10+6]
6. (a) Explain the principle of a wave meter. List the different types of wave meters.
(b) What are the applications of wave analyzer? Why it is called non real time
analyzer? [6+8+2]
7. (a) Discuss the following display modes of dual-trace CRO.
i. A and B chopped
ii. A and B alternate
(b) Explain the working principles of a current probe. [8+8]
8. (a) Compare the selectivity characteristics of the spectrum analyzer and wave
analyzer.
(b) Explain the following terms associated with spectrum analyzer.
i. Sensitivity
ii. Dynamic Range
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Code No: W2221/R07 Set No. 3
iii. Harmonic mixing [7+3+3+3]
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Code No: W2221/R07 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
CALIBRATION AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Explain the following terms
i. Instrumental error
ii. Limiting error
iii. Calibration error
iv. Environmental error.
(b) Explain the following terms
i. Histogram
ii. Gaussian curve
iii. Probable error. [8+8]
2. List the various levels of measurement standards, and discuss the application of
each classification. [16]
3. (a) Explain how the calibration records are maintained?
(b) Write short notes on the process of instrument calibration? [8+8]
4. (a) Explain the successive approximation type DVM?
(b) Distinguish between series and shunt type ohmmeter from the dial calibration?
How can you estimate the internal resistance of an ohmmeter from its dial?
[8+8]
5. (a) Explain how a Kelvin’s double bridge can accurately measure low resistances.
Also derive the condition for balance.
(b) In the Kelvin’s Bridge shown in figure 1 the ratio of Ra to Rb is 2000­,R1 is
10­ and R1=0.2 R2. Calculate the value of Rx . [10+6]
6. (a) When is period measurement preferred over frequency measurement and ob-
tain the condition ?
(b) With a suitable block diagram explain the operation of a pre scaled frequency
counter. [4+4+8]
7. (a) Give the standard specifications of horizontal amplifier used in a single beam
CRO
(b) Explain the spot wheel method for frequency measurement. [8+8]
8. (a) Compare the FFT analyzer with the super heterodyne spectrum analyzer.
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Code No: W2221/R07 Set No. 4
Figure 1:
(b) Explain the F M method of magnetic tape recording and explain its advantages
and disadvantages. [8+6+2]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: W2321
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
BIOCHEMISTRY
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. Give a detailed account of the different types of carbohydrates and their properties.
2. Write about the Enzyme nomenclature & its function.
3. Write about Gluconeogenesis and PP Shunt.
4. Classify the Aminoacids based on their properties?
5. Give the pathway for production of aromatic amino acids.
6. Write about lipoproteins function and its classification.
7. Write about Biosynthesis of Nucleic acids.
8. Describe the structure and properties of various nucleotides.
SET - 1
Code No: W2321
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
BIOCHEMISTRY
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. Write short notes on
a) Glycoproteins
b) Allosteric Enzymes
2. What is Intermediary metabolism & how it is regulated?
3. Write about the mechanism of action and control of enzymes.
4. Write in detail about Glycolysis
5. Write about
a) Enzyme nomenclature
b) Complex carbohydrates
6. Write about Nitrogen Cycle and its balance.
7. Describe the synthesis and metabolism of Triglycerols
8. What are storage bodies? Give the different types and their importance.
SET - 2
Code No: W2321
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
BIOCHEMISTRY
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. Derive the Michaelis –Menten equation.
2. Explain the different types of respiration.
3. Write short notes on
a) Pentose phosphate shunt
b) Glycogenolysis
4. Write about the structure and properties of Proteins.
5. What are Allosteric enzymes and explain their regulation explain with a suitable
example?
6. Write in detail about the events that take place in Urea Cycle.
7. Explain the structure and functions of
a) Pyrimidines
b) Purines
8. Write about Serine pathway.
SET - 3
Code No: W2321
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
BIOCHEMISTRY
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
__________________________________________________________________________
1. Write about properties of Carbohydrates.
2. Write about
(a) ED Pathway
(b) Glucogenesis.
3. Describe the protein structure, folding and their function.
4. Write about the Degradation of Nucleic Acids.
5. What is reductive amination and transamination.
6. Give detailed account on structure and classification of Fatty acids.
7. Write short notes on
a) Lectins
b) Metabolic regulation
8. Explain functions of enzymes and deduce Michaelis –Menten equation.
SET - 4