II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009 BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

Code No: W0122
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. a) Give the classification of rocks based on geological formation, physical characteristics
and chemical characteristics.
b) Explain the terms mineral, rock and stone.
2. Name some clay products which are in common use in building industry and discuss the
sequence of operations involved in the process of manufacturing of common tiles.
3. a) Discuss the properties of various ingredients of lime.
b) What are the impurities in limestone? Explain.
4. a) Discuss the classification of trees according to the mode of growth
b) Describe the structure of timber
5. a) Explain spalls, Jambs, Reveal, Sill, Plinth course, Frieze course, blocking course,
through stone.
b) Compare Brick and Stone Masonry
6. Explain methods of improving safe bearing pressure of soils
7. What are the functions of lintels? In a neat sketch show the parts of the lintel explain?
8. Why is formwork necessary? What are the requirements it formwork?





Code No: W0122
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. a) Explain the geological classification of rocks and mention few examples of each.
b) What are artificial stones? What are their uses?
2. a)Name some clay products which are in common use in building industry. Distinguish
between common tiles and encaustic tiles. State the characteristics of good tiles.
b) What is the purpose of glazing and specify the glazing materials.
3. a) What are the different varieties of lime and what are its uses.
b) Define the terms i) quick lime, ii) fat lime and iii) hydraulic lime.Explain the
characteristics of lime.
4. a) Explain the characteristics of good timber
b) What is seasoning of timber and explain its effects on wood
5. List out the Joints in stone masonry and explain.
6. a) Explain Settlement of Foundations
b) Explain Setting out Foundation Trenches
7. Writes a short notes on
i) Wooden intel
ii) Stone intel
iii) Brick lentcls
iv) Steel lentel
8. Describe the materials which are used for preparing formwork?




Code No: W0122
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. a) Distinguish between stratified, unstratified, and foliated rocks.
b) What are the commonly found minerals in igneous rocks?
2. State various types of roof tiles in common use and specify the advantages and
disadvantages of each type.
3. a) Write a short notes on the classification of lime
b) Distinguish the special features of Intermittent kiln and Continuous kiln for
manufacturing lime.
4. Write short notes on different methods of seasoning the timber
5. Write about Ashlar Masonry
6. Explain causes of failure of foundations and also methods of prevention.
7. Describe in brief the various types of arches used in modern constructions? Draw figures
at necessary places?
8. Draw a neat sketch of formwork for a typical RCC floor showing all its component parts.
What are the important points to be noted in case of such formwork?






Code No: W0122
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. a) Give the engineering classification of rocks.
b) What are the commonly found minerals in sedimentary rocks?
2. a) State the uses of terra-cotta and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of its usage.
b) What are types of terra-cotta articles?
3. Discuss various types of cements and their properties.
4. Discuss various defects that are encountered in timber
5. List out the points to be observed while supervision of brick works.
6. List out the methods of site exploration.
7. How will you processed to construct a big masonry arch? What type of centering would
you provide? Sketch the entire arrangement showing the details?
8. Differentiate between
a) Forms and moulds
b) Solid formwork and suspended formwork

Code No: X0225
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
(Com. to EEE, E.Con.E)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. a) State and explain Gauss’s law as applied to electrostatic fields in differential form.
b) Three equal positive charges of Q C each are located at three corners of a square, side
‘a’ meter. Determine the magnitude and direction of the resulted force experienced by a
test charge if placed at the vacant corner of the square
2. a) Derive the Laplace’s equation in three coordinates form
b) Show that the family of equipotential for a dipole may be given by r2 = d1 cosq.
Further show that r = d2 sin2q represents the line of force of the dipole, where d1 and d2
are constants.
3. a) Derive the expression for capacitances of the spherical condenser
b) A capacitor consists of two metal plates each 120cm2, placed parallel and 3mm apart.
The whole of space between the plates is filled with a dielectric having a relative
permittivity of 4. A potential difference of 400V is maintained between the plates.
Determine (i) the capacitance, (ii) The charge on the capacitor, (iii) The electric flux
density and (iv)the potential gradient
4. a) Determine the magnetic field intensity on the axis of an infinite solenoid
b) A current carrying circular wire of radius ‘a’ is centered around the origin in the plane
z = 0. Obtain an expression for magnetic field intensity on the axis of the wire at (0,0,2).
5. a) Derive the point form of Ampere’s circuital law
b) A solid conductor of radius R has uniform current density. Derive the expressions for
H both inside and outside the conductor and also show the variation of H as a function of
radial distance from the center of the wire.
6. a) Derive the expression for torque on a current loop placed in a magnetic field
b) If a point charge of 5 coulombs moves with a velocity of ( + − )m/s,
determine the force exerted (i) if the electric field intensity is ( + − )v/m (ii)
if the flux density is ( + + ) wb/m2
7. a) Explain the characteristics of permanent magnets and mentions their applications
b) Determine the vector magnetic potential for an infinitely long solenoid with N turns
per unit length, radius ‘r’ and current I.
8. a) State and explain Faraday’s law’s of electromagnetic induction
b) Find the displacement current density within a parallel plate capacitor where e= 100e0,
a =0.01 m2, d = 0.05mm and the capacitor voltage is 100sin 200pt volts

Code No: X0225
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
(Com. to EEE, E.Con.E)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. a) Explain with the help of sketch, the principle of super position as applied to electric
fields.
b) In spherical coordinates E =
2 2 2 ( )
2
r a
r
+
ar. Find the potential at any point using the
reference, (i) V = 0 at infinite and (ii) V = 100 at r = a
2. a) Explain the behavior of conductors in electric field
b) A dipole at the origin in free space has P = 100 e0 uz C-m. Determine the following in
Cartesian coordinates
(i) Voltage at P (x, y, z)
(ii) Electrical field intensity at P (x, y, z)
3. a) Derive the equation of continuity in electrostatic fields
b) A capacitor is composed of two plates separated by a sheet of insulating material 5
mm thick and er = 6. The distance between the plates is increased to allow the insertion
of second sheet 8 mm thick and of relative permeability er. If the capacitance of the
capacitor so formed is one-half of the original capacitance. Determine the value of er.
4. a) Explain the Oesterd’s experiment
b) A single turn circular coil of 45m diameter carries a current of 4 A 25×10 . Determine
the magnetic field intensity at a point on the axis of the coil and 125m away from the
coil. The relative permeability of free space surrounding the coil is unity
5. a) State Ampere’s circuital law and hence derive Ñ× =
b) Obtain the expression for in all the regions if a cylindrical conductor carries a
direct current ‘I’ and its radius is ‘R’ m. Plot the variation of against the distance ‘r’
from the center of the conductor
6. a) Derive the Lorentz force equation
b) A long straight conductor lying along the z-axis carries a current of 15 A in the
positive direction of z-axis. If the magnetic flux density is
+ wb/m2, determine
the force per meter length of the conductor
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Code No: X0225
7. a) Derive the expression for energy stored in a magnetic field
b) A toroidal coil of 350 turns is wound on a steel ring of 20cm mean diameter and 2
2 10− × m2 cross-sectional area. An excitation of 5000 Am-1 produces a flux density of 1.5
tesla. Calculate the inductance of the coil. If a 20mm long gap is cut in the ring, calculate
the current required to maintain the flux density at 1.5 tesla. Also calculate the inductance
under these new conditions. Neglect all leakage and fringing.
8. a) Describe the pointing theorem and its interpretations
b) Derive the general field relations for time varying electrical and magnetic fields


















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Code No: X0225
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
(Com. to EEE, E.Con.E)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. a) Derive the expression for the field due to a surface charge
b) Calculate electric field E at a point P (3, -4, 2) in free space due to (i) a charge Q1 =
4μC at A (0, 0, 0), (ii) a charge Q2 = 2μC at B (-1, 2, 4) and (iii) both the charges of part
(i) and (ii) presents.
2. a) Derive the expression for Electric field intensity due to an electric Dipole
b) Prove that the potential due to an electric dipole satisfies Laplace’s equation
3. a) State and explain the ohms law in point form
b) The capacitance of the capacitor formed by two parallel plates, each 120 cm2 in area
separated by a dielectric 4 mm thickness is 5 x 10-4 μF. A potential difference of 32kV is
applied. Find the following
(i)Total dielectric flux, (ii) The potential gradient and (iii) The relative permeability of
the material
4. a) Sate and explain Biot-savarts law. Mention the units of the quantities used in the law
b) Find the magnetic field intensity at the origin due to a current element 50x10-6Uz A-m
at the point (4, -7, 0) in free space.
5. a) Find the magnetic field of current in a straight circular cylindrical conductor of radius ‘r’.
b) A ‘z’ directed current distribution is given by
= +
−
for r £ a. Find
−
at any
point r ³a using Ampere’s circuital law
6. a) Derive the expression for force between two parallel current carrying conductors of
finite length
b) A conductor of 300cm long carries a current of 20 amps at right angles to a uniform
field produced by the pole core of an electrical machine. Now if core has a circular
cross section of 100mm diameter and total flux in core is 15m wb, then determine (i)
force developed on the conductor and (ii) power required to move conductor at a speed
of 50 m/sec in a plane at right angles to the field?
7. a) Describe the scalar magnetic potential and what are its drawbacks
b) Obtain an expression for magnetic vector potential in the region surrounding an
infinite long straight filamentary current ‘I’.
8. a) Write Maxwell’s equations in (i) point form (ii) integral form. Explain the
significance of each equation
b) If the magnetic field
− −
=
b +
a , find current density
−
if fields are
invariant with time

Code No: X0225
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
(Com. to EEE, E.Con.E)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. a) Derive the relation between electric field and electric potential in rectangular
coordinates
b) Given a field E = (
2 x
− 6y
ax +
x
6
ay + 5 az) V/m. Calculate the potential difference
between P (-2, 7, 1) and Q (4, 1, 2)
2. a) Explain Electric dipole and dipole moment
b) In cylindrical coordinates, V = 70volts at r =4mm and V = 0 at r = 100mm. Find the
voltage at r = 150mm, if the potential depends only on r.
3. a)Derive the expression for capacitance with multiple dielectrics between two plates
b) The radii of two spheres differ by 0.04 m and the capacitance of spherical condenser
is 75 x 10-2 F, if the outer sphere is earthed. Determine the radii, air as a dielectric.
4. a) State and explain Biot-savarts law. Show that the divergence of magnetic induction
is always zero.
b) A conductor is bent in the form of a rectangular polygonal frame of ‘n’ sides inscribed
in a circle of radius R. Show that the expression for the magnetic field density at the
centre for a current ‘I’ is




=



p
p
μ


5. a) Derive the Maxwell’s third equation
b) Using Ampere’s circuital law, obtain an expression of the magnetic field intensity at
any point due to a concentric cylindrical conductor, the inner and outer conductors
carrying equal and opposite currents.
6. a) What is a magnetic dipole ? How does a magnetic dipole differ from an electric dipole
b) Two long parallel wires separated 6m apart carry curry currents of 30A and 75A
respectively in the same direction. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the force
between them per unit length.
7. a) Describe the vector magnetic potential and its properties
b) Find the mutual inductance between two toroidal windings which are closely wound
on iron core of relative permeability 200. The mean radius of the core is 7cm and radius
of its cross-section is 3cm. The winding has 400 and 600 turns for windings 1and 2
respectively
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Code No: X0225
8. a) Derive the expressions for statically and dynamically induced emf’s
b)A lossy dielectric has μ = 4p10-9 H/m and e=
p
−
F/m, s =2x10-8 S/m. The electric
field
− −
=
w V/m exists at a certain point in the dielectric
i) At what frequency will the conduction current density and displacement current
densities have equal magnitudes?
ii) At this frequency calculate the instantaneous displacement current density
iii) What is the phase angle between the conduction current and the displacement current?

















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Code No: X0323/R07 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Define the terms:
i. Normal stress
ii. Tangential stress
iii. Ductility
iv. Brittleness. [6]
(b) A flat steel plate is of trapezoidal form of uniform thickness ‘t’. Its width at
one end is ‘a’ and at the other end is ‘b’. If its length is ‘L’, determine its
elongation under an axial pull. [10]
2. Sketch the shear force and bending moment diagrams showing the salient values
for the loaded beam shown in the figure 2 below. [16]
Figure 2
3. (a) A cantilever of length 3.2m fails when a load of 3kN is applied at the free end.
If the cross section of the beam is 50mm × 100mm. Find the stress at failure.
[8]
(b) A circular pipe of external diameter 80mm and thickness 8mm is used as a
simply supported beam over a effective span 2.8m. Find the maximum con-
centrated load that can be applied at the centre of the span if the permissible
stress in the tube is 140MPa. [8]
4. (a) Obtain from first principles the expression for maximum shear stress in a
triangular section of a beam. Sketch the variation of shear stress. [8]
(b) A beam of I-section is having overall depth as 600mm and overall width as
200mm. The thickness of flanges is 25mm where as the thickness of the web
is 20mm. If the section carries a shear force of 55kN, calculate shear stress at
salient points and sketch the shear stress distribution across the section. [8]
5. Determine the forces in the members of the truss loaded as shown in Figure 5.[16]
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Code No: X0323/R07 Set No. 1
Figure 5
6. (a) What is moment area method? Explain the two Mohr’s theorems, as applica-
ble to the slope and deflection of a beam. [6]
(b) A cantilever of uniform cross-section of length l carries two point loads, W at
the free end and 2W at a distance a from the free end. Find the maximum
deflection due to this loading. [10]
7. A cylindrical shell 3 m long has 1 m internal diameter and 15 mm metal thickness.
Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses induced and also changes in
the dimensions of the shell, if it is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.5 N/mm2.
Take E = 200 kN/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio = 0.3. [16]
8. Compare the values of max. and minimum hoop stresses for a cast steel cylindrical
shell of 600 mm external dia. And 400 mm internal dia. Subjected to a pressure
of 30N/mm2 applied
(a) Internally and
(b) Externally. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: X0323/R07 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. A steel rod 28 mm diameter is fixed concentrically in a brass tube of 42 mm outer
diameter and 30 mm inner diameter. Both the rod and tube are 450 mm long. The
compound rod is held between two stops which are exactly 450 mm apart and the
temperature of the bar is raised by 700C.
(a) Find the stresses in the rod and tube if the distance between the stops is
increased by 0.30 mm.
(b) Find the increase in the distance between the stops if the force exerted between
them is 90 kN
Take ES = 200kN/mm2 ; S = 11.2 × 10−6per0C
Eb = 90kN/mm2 ; b = 2.1 × 10−5per0C [16]
2. An overhanging beam of length 7m is supported centrally at two points 5m apart.
It carries a uniformly increasing load of 400 N/m from the left end to 800 N/m at
the midspan. It also carries a point load of 1000N at the right end. Draw the SF
and BM diagrams and locate the point(s) of contra flexure. [16]
3. (a) Find the dimensions of the strongest rectangular beam that can be cut out of
a log of wood 3.2m diameter. [8]
(b) A T-beam having flange 200mm × 25mm and web 25mm × 220mm is simply
supported over a span of 7m. It carries u.d.l of 6.8kN/m including self weight
over its entire span together with a concentrated load of 45kN at mid span.
Find the maximum tensile and compressive stresses occurring in the beam
section and sketch across the section. [8]
4. (a) Prove that the ratio of maximum shear stress to average shear stress in a
rectangular cross section is equal to 1.5 when it is subjected to a transverse
shear force F. Derive from first principles and sketch the distribution of shear
stress across the section. [8]
(b) A T-beam has the following dimensions.
Flange = 180mm × 15mm
Web = 160mm deep and 20mm thick.
The T-beam is subjected to a shear force of 28kN. Draw shear stress distrib-
ution across the depth marking values at salient points. [8]
5. Explain the analysis of trusses by
(a) Method of joints
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Code No: X0323/R07 Set No. 2
(b) Method of sections
(c) Tension coefficient method. [16]
6. (a) What is moment area method? Explain the two Mohr’s theorems, as applica-
ble to the slope and deflection of a beam. [6]
(b) A cantilever of uniform cross-section of length l carries two point loads, W at
the free end and 2W at a distance a from the free end. Find the maximum
deflection due to this loading. [10]
7. (a) Prove that the tendency to burst length wise is twice as great as a transverse
section in a thin cylindrical shell subjected to an internal fluid pressure. [8]
(b) A thin cylindrical shell 3 m long is of 1 m diameter. Determine the changes
in length and diameter, if the shell is subjected to an internal pressure of 20
N/mm.2. Take E = 200 kN/mm2 and 1/m = 0.28. [8]
8. A tube whose external and internal diameters are 360 mm and 240 mm respectively
has another tube 60 mm thick shrunk on to it. The bore of the outer tube is
machined to 1 mm less than the external diameter of the tube on to which it is
subsequently shrunk. If the tubes are made of steel for which the value of E =
200KN/mm2, Determine expressions for the radial and hoop stresses developed in
the inner tube. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: X0323/R07 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Draw stress-strain diagram for mild steel specimen tested under uni-axial ten-
sion till fracture and mark all the salient points. [8]
(b) A metallic rod of 1 cm diameter, when tested under an axial pull of 10 kN was
found to reduce its diameter by 0.0003 cm. The modulus of rigidity for the
rod is 51 kN/mm2. Find the Poisson’s ratio, modulus of elasticity and Bulk
Modulus. [8]
2. (a) Define statically determinate and statically indeterminate beams. Give exam-
ples. [6]
(b) A cantilever beam of length 2m carries a uniformly distributed load of 2 kN/m
over the whole length and a point load of 3 kN at the free end. Draw the SF
and BM diagrams. [10]
3. (a) Discuss the assumptions involved in the theory of simple bending. [6]
(b) The cross section of a simply supported beam is as shown in Figure 3. Find
its moment of resistance if permissible tensile stress is 160MPa. Compare it
with equivalent section of same area but [10]
i. Square section
ii. Rectangular section with depth twice the width and
iii. a circular section.
Figure 3
4. For a section shown in figure4. determine the average shearing stresses at A,B, C
and D for a shearing force of 23kN. Also sketch the shear stress distribution across
the section. [16]
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Code No: X0323/R07 Set No. 3
Figure 4
5. Analyse the frame shown in Figure 5. [16]
Figure 5
6. (a) What is moment area method? Explain the two Mohr’s theorems, as applica-
ble to the slope and deflection of a beam. [6]
(b) A cantilever of uniform cross-section of length l carries two point loads, W at
the free end and 2W at a distance a from the free end. Find the maximum
deflection due to this loading. [10]
7. (a) Prove that the tendency to burst length wise is twice as great as a transverse
section in a thin cylindrical shell subjected to an internal fluid pressure. [8]
(b) A thin cylindrical shell 3 m long is of 1 m diameter. Determine the changes
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Code No: X0323/R07 Set No. 3
in length and diameter, if the shell is subjected to an internal pressure of 20
N/mm.2. Take E = 200 kN/mm2 and 1/m = 0.28. [8]
8. A compound cylinder is formed by shrinking a hollow cylinder of 150 mm external
dia. over another hollow cylinder of 130 mm internal dia. The common dia after
shrinking on its 140 mm. If the radial pressure at the junction is 1200N/mm2 and
E = 200KN/mm2, Find the original difference in dia. of the two cylinders before
shrinking. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: X0323/R07 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. An unknown weight falls 4 cm on to a collar rigidly attached to the lower end of a
vertical bar 4m long and 8 cm2 in section. If the maximum instantaneous extension
is found to be 0.42 cm, find the corresponding stress and the value of the unknown
weight. E = 200 kN/mm2. [16]
2. Sketch the shear force and bending moment diagrams showing the salient values
for the loaded beam shown in the figure 2 below. [16]
Figure 2
3. (a) State the assumptions involved in the theory of simple bending. [6]
(b) Derive the Bending equation from fist principle. [10]
4. For a section shown in figure4. determine the average shearing stresses at A,B, C
and D for a shearing force of 23kN. Also sketch the shear stress distribution across
the section. [16]
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Code No: X0323/R07 Set No. 4
Figure 4
5. (a) Explain the analysis of trusses using method of joints.
(b) Determine the forces in all members of the truss shown in Figure 5 by method
of sections. [8+8]
Figure 5
6. (a) What is Macaulay’s method for finding out the slope and deflection? of a
beam? Discuss the cases, where it is of a particular use. [6]
(b) A 3 meters long cantilever is loaded with a point load of 450 N at the free
end. If the section is rectangular 80 mm ( wide) × 160 mm (deep), and E =
10 GN/m2, calculate slope and deflection. [10]
i. at the free end of the cantilever,
ii. at a distance of 0.55 m from the free end.
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Code No: X0323/R07 Set No. 4
7. A vertical steam boiler is of 2 m internal diameter and 5 m high. It is constructed
with 20 mm thick plates for a working pressure of 1 N/mm2. The end plates are
flat and are not stayed. Calculate
(a) the stress in the circumferential plates due to resisting the bursting effect and
the stress in the circumferential plate due to the pressure on the end plates.
[8]
(b) the increase in length, diameter and volume. Assume the Poisson’s ratio as
0.3 and E = 200 GN/m2. [8]
8. Compare the values of max. and minimum hoop stresses for a cast steel cylindrical
shell of 600 mm external dia. And 400 mm internal dia. Subjected to a pressure
of 30N/mm2 applied
(a) Internally and
(b) Externally. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: X0421
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
(Com. to ECE,ECC)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

a) If A, B and C are three arbitrary events, find the theoretical expressions for:
(i) At least one occurs
(ii) At least two occur
(iii) Only A occurs
b) An urn contains 4 tickets numbered 1,2,3,4 and another contains 6 tickets
numbered 2, 4,6,7,8,9. If one of the two urns is chosen at random and a ticket is
drawn at random from the chosen urn, find the probabilities that the ticket drawn
bears the number (i) 2 or 4, (ii) 3 and (iii) 1 or 9 [ 6 + 10]
2. A random variable X has the following probability function:
x: -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(x) : 0.1 k 0.2 2k 0.3 k
(i) Find the value of k
(ii) Mean of X
(iii) Variance of X
[ 4 + 6 + 6]
3. a) A discrete random variable x has possible values = , i= 1,2,3,4,5, which occur
with probabilities 0.4,0.25,0.15,0.1, and 0.1 respectively .Find the mean value x =E[x]
of x.
b)Given a random variable x and its density function
( )
otherwise
f x x x
0
1 0 1
=
= < <
Evaluate
−
x
c) x is a uniform random variable in the interval (x1,x2).Find the expected value of x
(6+5+5)
4. a) Write the properties of joint probability distribution function of two random
variables.
b) Random variables x and y are components of a two-dimensional random vector and
have a joint distribution
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Code No: X0421


















Find and sketch the marginal distribution functions and
.
(6+10)
5. a) Random variables X and Y have the joint density
(x, y) =
!
" #
$
%&'%()% %

What is the expected value of the function g (x,y) =
? (8)
b) The density function
(x,y) =

* +
,
%&'%()% %

applies to two random variables x and y.
Show that x and y are uncorrelated. (8)
6. (a)Write the classification of random processes.
(b) Show that the random process x(t)=A cos ((-t+.) is wide – sense stationary if it is
assumed that A and (- are constants and . is a uniformly distributed random variable on
the interval (0,2/). (8+8)
7. Find the auto correlation function and power spectral density of the random process,
x(t)=k Cos( 0 t+ ) , Where is a random variable over the ensemble and is uniformly
distributed over the range (0,2 ). (16)
8. a) What are the characteristics of White noise? (8)
b) Discuss the spectral distribution of thermal noise. (8)
2 of 2

Code No: X0421
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
(Com. to ECE, ECC)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. a) If A, B and C are three arbitrary events, find the theoretical expressions for:
(i) Both A and B, but not C occur
(ii) All three events occurs
(iii) One and no more occurs
b) A box contains 6 red, 4 white and 5 black balls. A person draws 4 balls from the
box at random. Find the probability that among the balls drawn there is at least one
ball of each colour.
[6+10]
2. A random variable X has the following probability function:
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(x): a 3a 5a 7a 9a 11a 13a 15a 17a
(i) Determine the value of ‘a’.
(ii) What is the smallest value of x for which P( X x ) > 0.5 ?
(iii) Find P( 0 < x < 5). [ 4 + 6 + 6]
3. a) Find the expected value of the function g(x)= 0 where x is a random variable
defined by the density
123
456 789 2:;
4 5
b) Determine the mean value of the continuous exponentially distributed random variable
with density function

!
< %
: ;:=
> ?

(8+8)
a) Write the properties of joint probability density function of two random variables.
b) A joint probability density function is


!
@<
A
%&'%()% %

Find and sketch
B (6+10)
1 of 2

Code No: X0421

a) Let Y = ax + b
(i) Find the covariance of x and y
(ii) Find the correlation coefficient of x and y [8]
b)The density function of two random variables x and y is
( x, y) = C C
# %D" E
Find the joint characteristic function for x and y. [8]
6. (a) what is mean- Ergodic process ? Prove that the given x(t)is a Mean – Ergodic
process.
(b) Define autocorrelation function and write its properties. (8+8)
7. A random process n(t) has a power spectral density g(f)= / 2, for – < = f<= .
Random process is passed through a low pass filter which has transfer function H(f)=2
for –fm <=f<= fm and H(f)=0, otherwise. Find the PSD of the wave form at the output of
the filter. (16)
8. a) What is shot noise? How is it qualified? (8)
b) Discuss the spectral distribution of White noise. (8)












Code No: X0421
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
(Com. to ECE,ECC)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. a) If A, B and C are three arbitrary events, find the theoretical expressions for:
(i) None occurs
(ii) Two and no more occur
(iii) The event B but not A and C
b) A problem in Mathematics is given to three students X, Y and Z whose chances of
solving it are ½ , ¾ and ¼ respectively. What is the probability that the problem
will be solved if all of them solve it independently? [6+10]
2. If P(x) =
15
x
; x = 1,2,3,4,5
= 0 , elsewhere
(i) Find P( X = 1 or 2 )
(ii) Find P{
2
1
< X <
2
5
| X > 1} [ 6 + 10]
3. a) Show that the mean value and variance of random variable having (8+8)
the uniform density function (x)
!
<D@ A
%&'%()% %

are x = E [x] =
@E<

and F
=
<D@4
!
.
b) Find the expressions for all the moments about the origin and central moments for
the uniform density of
!
<D@ A
%&'%()% %

4. a) (i) Find a constant ‘b’ so that the function

GA%D E

%&'%()% %

is a valid joint density function.
(ii) Find an expression for the joint distribution function.
(b) Consider the binary communication shown in below figure. Let (x,y) be a bivariate
random variables where x is the input to the channel and y is the output of the channel.
Let r(x=0)=0.5, r H IJ B , and r
I B+
1 of 2


Code No: X0421
(i) Find the joint pmf’s of (x,y)
(ii) Find the marginal pmf’s of x and y
(iii) Are x and y independent (8+8)
5. a)Two random variables x and y have the joint characteristic function
(! ( = exp (- 2 (!
- 8 (
)
Show that x and y are both zero – mean random variables and that they are uncorrelated.
(8)
b) Zero – mean Gaussian random variables x and y have variance F
= 3 and F
= 4
respectively , and a correlation coefficient r = K!
"
Write an expression for the joint density function (8)
6. a) Let x(t) be a wide –sense stationary random process with auto correction function
(t ) xx R =%D@ILI
Where a>0 is a constant
We assume x(t) “amplitude modulates ” a “carrier” Cos ((-t + .,where (- is a
constant and .is a random variable uniform on (K/ /that is statistically independent of
x(t) Determine the autocorrelation function of y(t).
b) Define cross-correlation function of two random processes x(t)and y(t) write it
properties (8+8)
7. a) The power spectral density of a stationary random process is given by
Sxx ( ) = A, –k< < k
= 0 , other wise
Find the auto correlation function. (8)
b) Find the PSD of a random process x(t) if E[x(t)] = 1 and Rxx ( )=1+ e- | | (8)
8. a) Describe the behaviour of zero mean stationary Gaussian band limited White noise.
(8)
b) The noise figure of an amplifier at room temperature (T=2900 K) is 0.2dB, Find the
equivalent temperature. (8)
2 of 2


Code No: X0421
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
(Com. to ECE ,ECC)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. a) For any two events A and B show that P(A ÇB) = P(B) − P(AÇ B) .
b) The odds against Manager X settling the wage dispute with the workers are 8:6 and
odds in favour of Manager Y settling the same dispute are 14:16.
(i) What is the chance that neither settles the dispute, if they both try independently?
(ii) What is the probability that the dispute will be settled? [6+10]
2. A continuous random variable X has a probability density function given by
( ) 3 ,0 1 2 f x = x £ x £
Find ‘a’ and ‘b’ such that
(i) P(X a ) = P (X > a )
(ii) P( X > b ) = 0.05
[ 8+ 8]
3. a) Consider the random variable with the exponential density

!
< %
: ;:=
> ?


Find its characteristic function and first moment.
b) A random variable X under goes the transformation y =
@

, where ‘a’ is a real number.
Find the density function of y. [8+8]
4. a) The joint pdf of a bivariate random variable (X,Y) is given by

GM N
+
+
O)% ( '%

Where K is Constant
(i)Find the value of k
(ii)Find the marginal pdf ‘s of X and Y
(iii) Are X and Y independent?
b) The joint pdf of a bivariate random variable (X,Y) is given by [8+8]

G
N

+
+
O)% ( '%

(i)Find the conditional pdf ‘s
P

P ) and P P
.
(ii)Find r2 H !
QJ 5
1 of 2
Code No: X0421
5. a) State some of the properties exhibited by N jointly Gaussian random variables J! J
……….JR .
b)Gaussian random variables J! J , for which
J! = 2 , F 3
= 9 , J = -1, F 4
= 4 and S 3 4 = - 3, are transformed to
New random variables H! and H according to
H! = KJ!+ J
H = K+ J! K ,J
Find (i) F 3
(ii)F 4
(iii)S 3S 4 …... (8+8)
6. a) Let two random processes x(t)and y(t) be defined by
X (t) = A cos (Tt)+ B sin ((Tt)
Y(t)= B cos ((Tt) - A sin((-t)
Where A and B are random variables and (T is a constant. x(t) is wide –sense
stationary and , A and B are uncorrelated ,zero –mean random variables with the
same valiance , y(t) is wide –sense stationary.
Show that x(t) and y(t) are jointly wide –sense stationary. Find the cross-correlation
function U (t, t+V)
b) A random process is defined by x(t) = A, where A is a continuous random variable
uniformly distributed on (0,1).
i) Determine the form of the sample function
ii) Classify the process.
iii) Is it deterministic? (8+8)
7. a) Prove that PSD and auto correlation function of Random process form a Fourier
transform pair. (8)
b) A Random process has the power density spectrum Sxx (W)= WX4
!EXY . Find the average
power in the process. (8)
8. a) Derive the relation between PSD’s of input and output random process of an LTI
systems. (8)
b) Derive the equation of narrow band noise and illustrate its properties. (8)
2 of 2

Code No: X0525
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Com. to CSE,IT,CSS)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
Note: Present Value Tables are permitted
1. Define Managerial Economics. Explain the Nature and scope of Managerial Economics.
2. What is elasticity of demand? How do you measure the price elasticity of demand?
3. What is production function? How is it useful to the manufacturer?
4. What are the features of perfect and imperfect competition? Illustrate.
5. Define sole trader. What are the features, merits and demerits of sole trader?
6. What are the methods of ranking investment proposals?
7. Journalize the Transactions
Prasad commenced business with a cash of Rs. 30000/-
Cash sales Rs. 4000/-
Bought machinery Rs. 15000/-
Sold goods to raju Rs. 10000/-
Purchased goods from Ramana Rs. 8000/-
Sold goods to Gupta Rs. 5000/-
Paid for stationery Rs. 1000/-
Carriage expense Rs. 500/-
Sold goods to Krishna for cash Rs. 3000/-
Received discount Rs. 800/-
Paid wages Rs. 1200/-
Received cash from Mahesh Rs. 1500/-
8. What are the profitability ratios? How do you measure the performance of the
organization through profitability ratios? Explain?

Code No: X0525
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Com. to CSE,IT,CSS)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

Note: Present Value Tables are permitted
1. Define demand. What are the demand determinants?
2. What do you understand by elasticity of demand? Explain the factors governing it.
3. Explain the concepts of isoquants and isocosts. Analyze how the manufacturer reaches the
least cost combination of inputs. Illustrate.
4. What are the features of perfect competition? How do you determine price in perfect
competition? Illustrate.
5. What is partnership? Explain its features, advantages and disadvantages.
6. A business firm is thinking of choosing the right machines for their purpose after
financial evaluation of the proposals. The initial cost and the net cash flow over five
years to the business firm have been calculated for each machine is as follows and
assuming the cost of capital to be 12%.
Machine
‘X’
Machine
‘Y’
Initial cost (Rs.) 20,000 28,000
Net cash flows
(Rs.)
1st year 8,000 10,000
2nd year 12,000 12,000
3rd year 9,000 12,000
4th year 7,000 9,000
5th year 6,000 9,000
Choose the machine based on (a) payback period and (b) NPVI method
1 of 2

Code No: X0525
7. Enter the following data in the journal of Praveen.
Pradeep commenced business with a cash of Rs. 500000/-
Deposited cash with bank Rs. 10000/-
Purchased goods from Kiran Rs. 20000/-
Goods sold for cash Rs. 5000/-
Purchases Rs. 2000/-
Returned goods to Kiran Rs. 600/-
Paid Wages Rs. 1000/-
Paid for advertisement Rs. 1500/-
Paid cash to Kiran Rs. 19000/-
8. What is the importance of ratio analysis? Explain various limitations?



2 of 2

Code No: X0525
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Com. to CSE,IT,CSS)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
Note: Present Value Tables are permitted

1. State and explain the Law of Demand. Why the demand curve is slopping downwards
from left to right? What are its exceptions?
2. Define elasticity of demand. How do you measure elasticity of demand?
3. What are Laws of Returns? Illustrate with reference to agriculture
4. What the features of imperfect competition? How do you determine the price in
monopoly?
5. Define Joint Stock Company. What are its features and various forms?
6. Rank the following investment proposals in order of their profitability according to
Pay-Back Period and Discounted Cash flow methods assuming the cost of capital to
be 12%.
Project Initial Outlay
Rs.
Annual Cash Flow
Rs.
Life in years
A 25,000 3,000 10
B 3,000 1,000 5
C 12,000 2,000 8
D 20,000 4,000 10
E 40,000 8,000 12
1 of 2

Code No: X0525
7. Journalize the following:
Bought furniture for Rs.15000/- from Mohan and paid cash Rs. 3000/-
Purchased Car for personal use Rs. 250000/-
Purchased Motor Vehicle for office purpose Rs. 300000/-.
Sold old type writer Rs. 1000/-
Received a cheque from ABC Ltd. Rs. 3000/-
Withdrawn cash from Bank for personal use Rs. 1000/-
8. What is financial analysis? List out the steps in financial analysis


Code No: X0525
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2009
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Com. to CSE, IT, CSS)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
Note: Present Value Tables are permitted
1. How the demand determinants influencing the sales of a commodity?
2. What are the types of price elasticity of demand? Explain them diagrammatically.
3. What are economies of scale? Explain different types of internal and external
economies of scale.
4. Explain the concepts of monopoly and monopolisitic competition. Illustrate.
5. Define public enterprises. What are their features and advantages?
6. ABC company is considering the purchase of a machine from the following:
Machine-I Machine-II
Life 3 years 3 years
Initial
Investment
Rs. 10,000 Rs. 10,000
Net Earnings
after tax
Rs. Rs.
1st Year 8,000 2,000
2nd Year 6,000 7,000
3rd Year 4,000 10,000
You are required to suggest which machine should be preferred by using the following
methods. The cost of capital is 12 per cent.
a)Payback period method
b)Discounted cash flow method
1 of 2

Code No: X0525
7. Show these transactions in journal format:
Paid salaries Rs. 5000
Sold goods to Venkat Rs. 10000
Sold machinery Rs. 30000
Commission received Rs. 2000
Allowed discount Rs. 1000
Brought goods from Raghava Rs. 4000
Sold goods to X for cash Rs. 6000
8. What are liquidity ratios? How do you compare an acid test ratio with current ratio
2 of 2


Code No: W0821
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov,- 2009
MOMENTUM TRANSFER
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
a) Explain Rayleigh’s method of dimensional analysis.
b) The force F exerted on a body immersed in flowing fluid is dependent on the relative
velocity between the solid and the fluid u , the fluid density r , the fluid viscosity μ
, and the characteristic length of the bodyl . Using Rayleigh’s method, determine the
dimensionless groups in which the dimensional variables may be arranged. (6+10)
2. a) Oil having specific gravity 0.8 flowing in a tapered pipe. The velocity at a section
having 0.15m2 area is found to be 2m/sec. Calculate the diameter of the pipe line at which
the velocity is 2.7m/sec. Also find out the volumetric flow rate and mass flow rate.
b) Water with a density of 998kg/m3 is flowing at a steady mass flow rate through a
uniform-diameter pipe. The entrance pressure of the fluid is 68.9 kN/m2 abs in the pipe,
which connects to a pump that actually supplies 155.4J/kg of fluid flowing in the pipe.
The exit pipe from the pump is the same diameter as the inlet pipe. The exit section of the
pipe is 3.05m higher than the entrance, and the exit pressure is 137.8kN/m2 abs. The
Reynolds number in the pipe is above 4000 in the system. Calculate the frictional loss
F in the pipe system. [8+8]
3. a) A fluid with viscosity 18.3 cp and density 1.32 g/cm3 is flowing in a horizontal tube of
radius 0.21 inches. For what pressure gradient will the flow become turbulent?
b) Oil of viscosity 0.01kgf sec/m2 and specific gravity of 0.9 flows through a horizontal
pipe of 2.5 cm diameter. If the pressures drop per meter length of the pipe is 0.12kgf/cm2.
Determine (i) the mass flow rate ,(ii) NRe and (iii) the power required per 50 m length
pipe to maintain the flow. [6+10]
4. Define Mach number? How the flow is named according to Mach number. List out all
the assumptions in the flow of compressible fluids in deriving continuity equation,
energy equation and finding the equation of state of the ideal gas etc. Write continuity
equation, energy equation and specify the individual terms (16)
5. a) Explain the forces acting on a particle moving through a fluid. (8)
b) Estimate the terminal velocity for a particle of diameter 0.161mm and density
2800kg/m3 falling in water at 300C by gravity (CD =7.9). ` (8)
6. Derive the expression relating the terminal velocity of a particle and minimum fluidizing
velocity for low Reynolds number. [16]
7. Discuss Briefly the Concept of NPSH and Cavitation in pumps [16]
8. Discuss briefly about Blowers and Compressors [16]

Code No: W0821
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov,- 2009
MOMENTUM TRANSFER
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

a) Explain the Buckingham method of dimensional analysis.
b) The frictional pressure drop Dp for the flow of a fluid through a long, straight, round
pipe depends upon the length l , diameter d , and average height of the wall roughness
e of the pipe, the average fluid velocityu , the densityr , and the viscosityμ of the fluid.
Use the Buckingham method to make a dimensional analysis of the system. (6+10)
2. a) A pipe line tapers from 8cm diameter to 4cm diameter. If the discharge through the
pipe is 100 litre/sec find the average velocities at the two sections.
b) A liquid with a constant density r kg/m3 is flowing at an unknown velocity u
1 m/s
through a horizontal pipe of cross sectional area A1 m2 at a pressure p1 N/m2, and then it
passes to a section of the pipe in which the area is reduced gradually to A2 m2 and the
pressure is p2. Assuming no friction losses, calculate the velocitiesu
1 and u
2 if the
pressure difference (p1 – p2) is measured. [6+10]
3. a) Oil of specific gravity 0.82 is pumped through a horizontal pipeline of 15cm diameter,
3 km long at the rate of 900 liter/min. The pump has an efficiency of 68% and requires 10
hp to pump the oil. Determine the dynamic viscosity of the oil and verify whether the
flow is laminar or turbulent.
b) The velocity profile for laminar flow in a circular pipe is given by












= −
2
max 1
R
r
u u
where umax = constant = velocity at the center line of the pipe
r = radial distance from the center line of the pipe
R = radius of the pipe
i) What is the average velocity?
ii) Show that the velocity gradient varies linearly with radius
iii) Find the velocity gradient at the wall and also at the center line. [6+10]
4. Derive continuity, total energy balance equation and mechanical energy balance
equation for compressible fluid. Specify all assumptions involved in deriving these
equations





Code No: W0821
5. a) Explain about the criterion to find settling regimes (6)
b) Obtain an expression for motion of a particle through fluid under the influence of
gravitational force (10)
6. Describe the effect of superficial velocity on pressure drop and bed expansion in a
Fluidized bed [16]
7. Write Short notes on [8+8]
a) Reciprocating Pumps b) Centrifugal Pumps
8. Derive Equations for Blowers and Compressors [8+8]




















Code No: W0821
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov,- 2009
MOMENTUM TRANSFER
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

a) Explain Rayleigh’s method of dimensional analysis
b) In the case of flow of fluid through long, straight and circular pipe, the pressure
drop ( Dp ) due to friction depends upon the following variables: diameter of pipe
( D), length of pipe, ( L ), velocity of fluidu , density of fluidr , and viscosity of
fluidμ . According to the Rayleigh’s method of dimensional analysis, obtain the
relation between pressure drop ( Dp ) and these variables. (6+10)
2. a) A 20cm diameter pipe conveying water branches into two pipes of diameters 15cm
and 10cm, respectively. If the average velocities in the 20cm and 15cm diameter are 3
m/sec and 1.8m/sec respectively, determine the velocity in the 10cm diameter pipe.
b) A nozzle of cross sectional area A2 is discharging to the atmosphere and is located in
the side of a large tank, in which the open surface of the liquid in the tank is H m above
the center line of the nozzle. Calculate the velocity u
2 in the nozzle and the volumetric
rate of discharge if no friction losses are assumed. [6+10]
3. A pipeline of inside diameter 80mm and length 250 m is attached to a water reservoir at
one end and flows freely into the atmosphere at the other end. The loss coefficient Kc for
the inlet is 0.5. Determine the height h, which has to be maintained in the reservoir to
produce a volumetric flow rate of 0.025 m3/sec of water. Given that [16]
0.237
Re
0.05525
0.0008
N
f = +
4. Define Acoustical velocity? Derive acoustical velocity and Mach number of ideal gas?
Please specify assumptions if any while deriving these expressions


a) Define the terms (4x2=8)
i) Drag
(ii) Drag coefficient
iii) Poracity
iv) Darcy’s law
b) Discuss about “hindered settling” (8)
6. a) How is bed expansion characterized in particulate fluidization? (6)
1 of 2

Code No: W0821
b) A bed of beads, 8 ft deep is to be backwashed with water to remove dirt. The
particles have a density of 1.24 g/cm3 and an average size of 1.1 mm. Estimate the
minimum fluidization velocity using at 200C and also the velocity required to expand the
bed by 25 percent. Water viscosity is 1 cP, density 1 g/cm3 and the sphericity of beads
may be taken as 1.0, voidage at incipient fluidization is 0.40. [10]
7. Explain briefly the Centrifugal Pump theory and Characteristic curves of Centrifugal
Pump. (16)
8. With a neat Sketch Explain the working Principle of Venturi meter (16)
2 of 2

Code No: W0821
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov,- 2009
MOMENTUM TRANSFER
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

a) Explain Rayleigh’s method of dimensional analysis.
b) The power requirement P for an agitator is dependent on the propeller diameter D, its
rotational speed N, the liquid density r and viscosityμ , the gravitational acceleration g .
Find by the Rayleigh’s method of dimensional analysis the correct representation for
the power consumption in terms of dimensional groups. (6+10)
2. a) The diameter of pipe changes from 20cm at a section 5m above datum to 5cm at a
section 3m above datum. The pressure of water at first section is 49.05N/cm2. If the
velocity of flow at the first section is 1 m/sec, determine the intensity of pressure at the
second section.
b) A tank full of water is opened at the top with a hole near the bottom, the area of which
is 0.25 m2 and cross-sectional area of the tank is 1 m2. If the height of the water above the
hole is maintained at 10m, what is the volumetric flow rate out of the hole? [6+10]
3. Water (density 1000 kg/m3, viscosity 1x10-3 kg/m.s) is pumped through a 50 mm meter
pipe line at 4 kg/s and pressure drop is 1 mm/m2.
a) What will be the pressure drop for a solution of glycerol in water (density 1050
kg/m3, viscosity 10x10-3 kg/m.s) when pumped at same rate?
b) What will be the pressure drop for a solution of CCl4 in water (density 1500 kg/m3,
viscosity 1 cp) when pumped at the same rate? Assume the pipe to be smooth.
[10+6]
4. Define stagnation temperature? Show that for an adiabatic process the stagnation
temperature is constant? (16)
5. a) Differentiate between “free settling” and “hindered settling” (8+8)
b) What is terminal velocity? Derive the equations to calculate terminal velocity when
particle is settling in gravitational and centrifugal fields.
6. (a) define the term “fluidization” and Discuss various types of fluidization.
(b) Explain the phenomena of fluidization. [8+8]
7. Derive Head-Flow relations for an Ideal Pump (16)
8. With a neat Sketch Explain the working Principle of Orifice meter (16)

Code No: W1122/R07 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Describe the structure of mandible. Explain its functions? [16]
2. What are semi-circular ducts? Discuss about cochlea. [16]
3. What are the different types of valves present in the heart? Explain. Define regur-
gitation? [16]
4. Explain how gases are transported by blood in the process of respiration [16]
5. What are the features of thyroid gland? What are the effects of its production?
[16]
6. Describe the location of the liver with its principle functions? Draw a labelled
diagram of liver lobule? [16]
7. Write about the lymphatic system in detail. [16]
8. Describe the development of reproductive systems. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: W1122/R07 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Explain about the pelvic girdle? [16]
2. With a neat sketch explain about brain? [16]
3. Describe the physical characteristics and principle components of blood. [16]
4. Illustrate the physiology of lung with a neat sketch. [16]
5. Explain the working of endocrine regulatory system? [16]
6. What is the principle subdivision of large intestine? Describe the mechanical movements
that occur in large intestine? [16]
7. Discuss the relationship of immunology to cancer. Write short note on spleen.[16]
8. What is counter current concept and its application in concentration of urine with
the help of a neat diagram? [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: W1122/R07 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. What are cranial bones? What is a suture and discuss its types? [16]
2. List out the principle events in the physiology of hearing? [16]
3. Describe the structure of the pericardium and heart wall? [16]
4. Discuss about the lung volumes and capacities. What is pulmonary ventilation?
[16]
5. What are the Endocrine glands? Explain in detail? [16]
6. How is bile secretion regulated? How is the bile juice collected and transported
from the liver to the gall-bladder for storage? [16]
7. Write about the lymphatic system in detail. [16]
8. Write a short notes on:
(a) Counter current concept
(b) Renal clearance [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: W1122/R07 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Describe major muscles of upper limb with their actions? [16]
2. Discuss about the cable properties of the nerve? Explain velocity of conduction of
nerve impulse? [16]
3. Write a short note on:
(a) Systolic pressure
(b) Conducting system of the heart [8+8]
4. Describe the effect of aging on the respiratory system. [16]
5. Name few endocrine glands? Explain any one in detail with neat sketch? [16]
6. Define digestion and describe the process involved in it? Distinguish between me-
chanical and chemical digestion? [16]
7. Describe the clinical symptoms of the following disorders:
(a) Acquired immun deficiency
(b) Hyper-sensitinity (Allergy)
(c) Tissue rejection. [6+5+5]
8. Sketch a neat diagram of the kidneys and explain in detail? [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: W2122/R07 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) What do you mean by the term ‘Viscosity’?
(b) What is the force of buoyancy? Is it a body force or surface force?
(c) Show the center of pressure is always below the center of gravity. [6+4+6]
2. A conical pipe diverges uniformly from 1200mm to 200mm diameter over a length
of 1 meter. Determine the local and convective acceleration at the mid-section
assuming
(a) A study Rate of flow is 0.12 m3/s
(b) Rate of flow varies uniformly from 0.12 m3/s to 0.24 m3/s in 5 sec., at t =
2sec. [16]
3. (a) Mention the different forces in a fluid flow. For the Euler?s s equation of
motion, which force are taken into consideration.
(b) A conical tube of length 2m is fixed vertically with its smaller end upwards.
The velocity of flow at the smaller end is 5m/s, while at the lower end it is
2m/s. The pressure head at the smaller end is 2.5m of liquid. The loss of head
in the tube is 0.35 (V 1 − V 2)2 / 2g, where V1 is the velocity at the smaller
end and V2 at the lower end respectively. Determine the pressure head at the
lower end. Flow takes place in downward direction. [6+10]
4. (a) Derive an expression for discharge of liquids through a V-Notch.
(b) The inlet and throat diameter of a horizontal venturimeter are 30cm and 10
cm respectively. The liquid flowing through the meter is water. The pressure
intensity at inlet is 13.73 N/cm2 while the vacuum pressure head at the throat
is 37 cm of mercury. Find the rate of flow. Assume the 4% of differential
head is lost between the inlet and throat. Find also the value of Cd for the
venturimeter. [7+9]
5. (a) For a fluid flowing over a flat plate, draw
i. Velocity distribution in the laminar and turbulent boundary layers
ii. Shear stress distribution for the boundary layer developing on either side
of the plate.
(b) A plate 4 m x 1.5 m is held in water moving at 1 m/sec parallel to its length.
If the flow in the boundary layer is laminar at the leading edge of the plate,
find [6+10]
1 of 2
Code No: W2122/R07 Set No. 1
i. the distance from leading edge where the boundary layer flow changes
from laminar to turbulent flow
ii. the thickness of boundary layer at this section, and
iii. the frictional drag on both sides of the plate.
6. (a) What do you mean by ‘pipes in parallel’? When pipes are connected in par-
allel? What is the loss of head in the system.
(b) A pumping plant forces water through a 50 cm diameter main, the frictional
head being 30 m. It is proposed to lay another main of appropriate diameter
alongside the existing one so that the two pipes may work parallel for the
entire length and reduce the friction head to 10 m only. Find the diameter
of the new main if, with the exception of the diameter, it is similar to the
existing one in every other aspect. [8+8]
7. (a) What do you meant by viscous flow? Mention various forces to be considered
in Navier Stroke’s equation.
(b) Through a horizontal circular pipe of diameter 100 mm and of length 10m,
an oil of dynamic 0.097 poise and relative density 0.9 is flowing. Calculate
the difference of pressure at the two ends of the pipe, if 100 Kg. of the oil is
collected in a tank in 30 seconds. [10+6]
8. (a) Write short notes on:
i. Mach angle,
ii. Zone of Action,
iii. Zone of silence.
(b) Define Mach number and explain sonic flow, subsonic flow and super - sonic
flow
(c) An Aeroplane is flying at an height of 15 Km where the temperature is - 500
C. The speed of the plane is corresponding to M=2. Assume K = 1.4and R
= 287 J/Kg. K, find the speed of the plane. [5+5+6]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: W2122/R07 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Expain briefly the following mechanical gauges:
i. Bourdon tube pressure gauge, and
ii. Diaphragm gauge.
(b) Distinguish between a Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid
(c) What are manometers? [8+4+4]
2. (a) If the expression for stream function is described by
= x3
−3xy2 determine whether flow is rotational or irrotational. If the flow
is irrotational, then indicate the value of the velocity potential.
i. = y3
− 3x2y
ii. = −3x2y
(b) If stream function exists for a flow does it imply that velocity potential also
exits? [10+6]
3. (a) Derive equation of motion of Free Vertex Flow?
(b) A nozzle of diameter 30mm is fitted to pipe of 60mm diameter. Find the force
exerted by the nozzle on the water, which is flowing through the pipe at the
rate of 4.0m3/minute. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain Reynolds’s model law.
(b) An orifice meter is to be fitted into a horizontal pipe of 25 cm diameter,
carrying oil of specific gravity 0.86 for the purpose of flow measurement. The
differential head is to be indicated by a U-tube Manometer containing mercury
of specific gravity 13.6. If the manometer reading is not to exceed 0.2 m when
the flow is 15 kg/sec. What would the diameter of the orifice? Take Cd=0.621.
[6+10]
5. (a) Define boundary layer and explain the fundamental causes of its existence.
Also discuss various methods of controlling the boundary layer.
(b) A smooth flat plate 1m wide and 1.5 m long is rowed length wise through still
air with a velocity of 10 m/sec. assuming the boundary layer to be fully lam-
inar, estimate its thickness at the trailing edge. Mass density and kinematic
viscosity of air are 1.216 kg/m3 and 0.15 cm2/sec respectively. [10+6]
6. A pipeline ABC 180 m long is laid on an upward slope of 1 in 60. The length of
portion AB is 90 m and its diameter is 0.15 m. At B the pipe section suddenly
1 of 2
Code No: W2122/R07 Set No. 2
enlarges to 0.30 m diameter and remains so for the remainder of its length BC, 90
m. A flow of 50 litres per second is pumped into the pipe at its lower end A and is
discharged at the upper end C into a closed tank. The pressure at the supply end
A is 137.34 kN/m2. Sketch [16]
(a) the total energy line
(b) the hydraulic gradient line and also find the pressure at discharge end C. Take
f = 0.02 in hf= flV 2
2gD
7. A Flow of 420 liters/min of oil of specific gravity 0.91 and viscosity 1.24 poise
is pumped through a pipeline 75mm diameter having a length of 62m and whose
outlet is 3m higher than its inlet. Estimate the power required for the pump if its
efficiency is 60%. [16]
8. (a) Obtain the expression for the sound wave in a compressible fluid in terms of
change of pressure and change of density.
(b) Air at 300 C at a pressure of 294.3 KN/m2 absolute flows into another reservoir
through an office 50 ×10−4m2in area. If the pressure in the reservoir is 147.15
N/m2 absolute, what is the discharge? Given R = 287.14 J/KgK, K = 1.4
and coefficient of discharge Cd = 0.65. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: W2122/R07 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) What do you mean by the term ‘Viscosity’?
(b) What is the force of buoyancy? Is it a body force or surface force?
(c) Show the center of pressure is always below the center of gravity. [6+4+6]
2. (a) When 2500 litres of water flows per minute through a 0.3m diameter pipe
which later reduces to a 0.15 diameter pipe, calculate the velocities of flow in
the two pipes.
(b) How are fluid flows classified?
(c) What are the properties of a ‘stream tube’. [6+6+4]
3. (a) Define Bernoulli’s equation and Mention the assumptions made to derive it.
(b) A pipeline carrying oil of specific gravity 0.8, changes in diameter from 300mm
at a position A to 500mm diameter to a position B which is 5m at a higher
level. If the pressure?s at A and B are 19.62 N/c m2 and 14.91 N/c m2
respectively, and the discharge is 150 Lit/s, determine the loss of head and
direction of flow. [6+10]
4. (a) Discuss the relative merits and demerits of venturimeter with respect to orifice
meter
(b) A rectangular channel 6mts wide carries 2800 lit/sec at the depth of 0.9mts.
What height of a broad crested rectangular weir must be installed to double
the depth? Assume a weir co coefficient as 0.86. [7+9]
5. Water of kinematic viscosity 1.02 ×10−6m2/sec is steadily flowing over a smooth
flat plate at zero angle of attack with a velocity 1.6 m/sec. The length of the plate
is 0.3m. Calculate
(a) The thickness of boundary layer at 15 cm from the leading edge and
(b) Shear stress at trailing edge of the plate.
Assume a parabolic profile. Take density = 1000 kg/m3 [16]
6. (a) What is a compound pipe? How would you determine the equivalent size of a
compound pipe?
(b) Two pipes each 120 m long, one of diameter 120 mm and other of diameter
90 mm are provided in parallel connecting two tanks, the difference of water
levels of which is 18 m. Find the discharge to the lower tank. If however a
single pipe 120 m long is provided connecting the two tanks and the discharge
1 of 2
Code No: W2122/R07 Set No. 3
to the lower tank is to be increased by 30%, find the diameter of this pipe.
For all pipes take 4f = 0.032 and ignore minor losses. [8+8]
7. (a) What do you meant by viscous flow? Mention various forces to be considered
in Navier Stroke’s equation.
(b) Through a horizontal circular pipe of diameter 100 mm and of length 10m,
an oil of dynamic 0.097 poise and relative density 0.9 is flowing. Calculate
the difference of pressure at the two ends of the pipe, if 100 Kg. of the oil is
collected in a tank in 30 seconds. [10+6]
8. Air flows through around a submerged abject. At section I in the approaching sys-
tem the pressure P1=101.043KN/m2, the density 1=1.226 kg/m3 and the velocity
V1=135 m/s. At section II near the object, the pressure P2 is observed to be 39.24
KN/m2 .Calculate
(a) the temperature ratio between these two points and
(b) the Mach number at each point. Take K=1.4 and R=287 J/kg. K. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: W2122/R07 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) What do you mean by the term ‘Viscosity’?
(b) What is the force of buoyancy? Is it a body force or surface force?
(c) Show the center of pressure is always below the center of gravity. [6+4+6]
2. (a) For an incompressible fluid the velocity components are
u = x3
− y3
− z2x, v = y3
− z3,w = −3x2z − 3y2z + z3
3 . Determine whether
the continuity equation is satisfied.
(b) Distinguish between pathlines, stream lines and streaklines. [8+8]
3. An open circuit wind tunnel draws air from the atmosphere through a well con-
toured nozzle. In the test section, where the flow is straight and nearly uniform,
a static pressure tap is drilled into the tunnel wall. A manometer connected to
the tap shows that the wall pressure within the tunnel is 45 mm of water be-
low atmospheric. Assume that air is incompressible and at 250 C, pressure is 100
Kpa(absolute). Calculate the velocity in the wind tunnel section. Density of water
is 999kg/m3 and characteristic gas constant for air is 287 J/Kg K. [16]
4. (a) What is scale ratio in distorted models and obtain the expression for scale
ratio for area of flow and scale ratio for discharge.
(b) A pipe carrying oil of specific gravity 0.877 changes in size from 0.15m at
section A to 0.45m at section B. section A is 3.6m lower than B and the
pressures are 90.252kN/m2 and 59.841kN/m2 respectively. If the discharge is
0.145m3/sec, determine the head loss and the direction of flow. [7+9]
5. (a) For a turbulent flow over a flat plate, the experimental observations over a
range of Reynolds number suggests u
u1
= 2 y
− 2 y
3
+ y
4
. Prove that
the ratio of displacement thickness ( ) of boundary layer to nominal thickness
( ) of boundary layer is equal to 3/10.
(b) A ship has flat rectangular bottom 25 m long and 15 m wide. The ship is
moving in sea water with a velocity of 1.5 m/sec. Determine the frictional
drag on the bottom of the ship. For sea water dynamic viscosity is 0.001
N-sec/m2 and density as 1025 kg/m3. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain Reynolds experiment and the significance of critical velocity.
(b) A single pipe 400 mm in diameter and 400 m long conveys water at the rate
of 0.5 m3/sec. Find the increase in discharge if another pipe of 200 m log 200
mm diameter is joined parallel with the existing pipe over half of its length.
Take friction factor 4f = 0.04. [8+8]
1 of 2
Code No: W2122/R07 Set No. 4
7. (a) What do you meant by viscous flow? Mention various forces to be considered
in Navier Stroke’s equation.
(b) Through a horizontal circular pipe of diameter 100 mm and of length 10m,
an oil of dynamic 0.097 poise and relative density 0.9 is flowing. Calculate
the difference of pressure at the two ends of the pipe, if 100 Kg. of the oil is
collected in a tank in 30 seconds. [10+6]
8. Find the mass flow rate of air through venturimeter having inlet diameter as 400
mm and through diameter 200mm. The pressure at the inlet of the venturimeter
is 27.468 N/ cm2 (abs) and temperature of a air at inlet is 200C. The pressure at
the throat is given as 25.506 N/ cm2 (abs ).Take R=287 J/Kg-K and K=1.4. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: W2222/R07 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) An instrument reads the values for four different readings 4.0, 4.1, 3.9, 4.2.
What is the absolute error and mean error?
(b) An instrument measures 4.1V, 4.1V, 4.1V, and 4.1V in four readings. Is the
instrument precise? Explain. If the true value is 4V, what is the error? [8+8]
2. (a) Discuss the principle of operation of the strain gauge with relevant sketches.
(b) A resistance strain gauge with a gauge factor of 2 is fastened to a member,
which is subjected to a strain of 1 × 10−6. If the original resistance value of
the gauge is 130, calculate the change in resistance. [8+8]
3. (a) Describe the working of Megohm Bridge with neat diagram?
(b) Draw the block diagram of an ac signal conditioning system and the functions
of the each block? [8+8]
4. (a) Explain how a synchro transmit-receiver pair is useful as a control component
in error correction.
(b) Express a relationship between various voltages of a synchro transmitter.[8+8]
5. (a) How carrier amplifiers are classified. Explain any one of them.
(b) How variable oscillators are classified. Explain any one of them. [8+8]
6. (a) What is photo resistor? Explain briefly.
(b) Explain the following laws of thermocouple behaviour:
i. Law of intermediate metals and
ii. Law of intermediate temperature. [8+8]
7. (a) What is an amplifier. Draw the circuit symbol of op-amp and derive an equa-
tion for its output voltage.
(b) List the ideal characteristics of op-amp. [10+6]
8. (a) How are quartz crystal resonators used as temperature sensors? How is reso-
nant frequency related to temperature.
(b) What do you mean by HT-cut and LC-Cut crystals? Draw the schematic
diagram of a crystal resonator thermometer used in practice. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: W2222/R07 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Derive an expression for time response of a 2nd order under damped system
when subjected to unit ram input. Show that the nature of the response is
the same as that for a unit step input. Fine an expression for the steady state
error.
(b) Define accuracy and precision of a measuring instrument with suitable exam-
ples. [8+8]
2. (a) What are the different types of noise present in resistive potentiometer? Ex-
plain how are they overcome.
(b) Derive an expression for gauge factor. [8+8]
3. (a) What is a signal conditioner?
(b) With neat diagram explain the differential instrumentation amplifier using
Transducer Bridge. [6+10]
4. (a) What is Selsyn draw and explain the working of it.
(b) Explain the working and construction of variable reluctance transducer.[8+8]
5. Explain the differential pressure measurement using inductive transducer in com-
bination with a bridge. Derive an expression for the output voltage of the bridge.
[16]
6. (a) Explain how a thermocouple is used to measure temperature.
(b) List and explain the 3 laws of thermocouples.
(c) What are the common materials used for thermocouples. [8+6+2]
7. (a) Explain the operation of Charge amplifier.
(b) How the frequency response limitation of Chopper amplifier is overcome.[8+8]
8. (a) Explain the principle of working of SAW-device thermometer? Draw the char-
acteristics.
(b) Classify encoders? Explain the principle of working of Incremental position
encoder. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: W2222/R07 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Define and derive expression for the following for a second order system.
i. Resonant frequency
ii. Resonant peak
iii. Bandwidth
(b) A second order system has a natural frequency of 10Hz and a damping ration
of 0.3. Calculate the value of resonant frequency and the magnitude ratio at
this frequency. Calculate the bandwidth. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain with the help of a circuit diagram the principle of operation of a strain
measurement system with temperature compensation.
(b) Describe the working and construction of resistance Thermometers. Describe
the materials used for RTDs along with their properties. Sketch this typical
characteristic curve. [8+8]
3. (a) What are the basic elements of a signal conditioner?
(b) Explain the principle of Resistance measurement with ohmmeter method?
[8+8]
4. Obtain expression relating the capacitance variation with pressure for the cases of
(a) Thin plate diaphragm and
(b) A metal − coated membrane [8+8]
5. (a) Explain the working of Max Well’s Bridge with necessary equations.
(b) A Maxwell bridge is used to measure an inductive impedance. The bridge
constants at balance are C1, R1=470k
, FR2 = 5.1k
, R3=100 k
, Find
the series equivalent of the unknown impedance. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain how Electro Chemical Cell can be used for measurement of tempera-
ture.
(b) Describe the properties of materials used for piezo-electric transducers. [8+8]
7. (a) With a schematic diagram, explain the operation of Instrumentation amplifier.
(b) List the characteristics of Instrumentation amplifier. [10+6]
8. (a) How are quartz crystal resonators used as temperature sensors? How is reso-
nant frequency related to temperature.
1 of 2
Code No: W2222/R07 Set No. 3
(b) What do you mean by HT-cut and LC-Cut crystals? Draw the schematic
diagram of a crystal resonator thermometer used in practice. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: W2222/R07 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Is the precise instrument better than the erroneous instrument? Explain.
(b) Differentiate between static and dynamic characteristics of a measurement
system. [8+8]
2. (a) Define gauge factor Gf for an electrical strain gauge. Compare the character-
istics of metallic and semi conductor type strain gauges.
(b) Explain with the aid of a circuit diagram the principle of operation of a strain
measurement system with temperature compensation technique. [8+8]
3. (a) What are the applications of an instrumentation amplifier?
(b) What are the different factors which effect the precision measurement of
medium resistances with Wheatstone bridge? Explain how their effects are
minimized? [8+8]
4. (a) Explain why inductive transducers are mostly iron cored. Suggest the impor-
tant considerations to be applied while designing and using them.
(b) Explain in detail about the core position of LVDT and the variation of output
voltage respectively and clearly mention the phase and core position. [8+8]
5. (a) Describe the construction and working of LVDT accelerometer with a neat
sketch.
(b) Explain how a simple ac bridge circuit operates and derive an expression for
the unknown parameters. [8+8]
6. (a) A mercury thermometer has a capillary tube of 0.3 mm diameter. If the bulb
is made of zero expansion material what volume must it have if a sensitiv-
ity of 3mm/oc is desired? Assuming operating temperature to be 20oC and
coefficient of volumetric expansion of mercury is 0.181 × 10−3.
(b) Explain the factors affecting the static accuracy of filled in thermometers.[8+8]
7. (a) With a schematic diagram, explain the operation of Instrumentation amplifier.
(b) List the characteristics of Instrumentation amplifier. [10+6]
8. (a) Write short notes on Magneto transistors.
(b) Give the important features and applications of vibrating wire arc weldable
strain gauge. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: W2323
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov,- 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. What is Cell theory? Differentiate between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
2. List out the structure and functions of Plasma membrane.
3. Write about
(a) Nucleus
(b) Protein targeting
4. Write about the different methods of transport systems employed by the prokaryotic cells.
5. Explain the following
(a) Cell cycle
(b) Mitosis
6. Describe the biological importance of embryonic and adult stem cells.
7. Write in detail about
(a) Chemoreceptors of bacteria
(b) Protein kinases
(c) Flagella
(d) Lysosomes
8. Describe the molecular events that take place during the development of a cancer cell.



Code No: W2323
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov,- 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. Write in detail about the basic properties of Cells and their complexity.
2. Describe the ultra structure of Flagella and its mode of action.
3. Give the structure and functions of
(a) Endoplasmic reticulum
(b) Golgi apparatus
4. What is Cell cycle? Narrate the different check points of the cycle.
5. Explain the following
(a) Endocytosis
(b) Peroxisomes
6. Write the general characteristics of cell differentiation in multicellular Organisms.
7. Give the structure and function of G-protein coupled receptors in cell signaling.
8. Write about
(a) Chemical carcinogens
(b) Cancer Therapy


Code No: W2323
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov,- 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. Give an account of the prokaryotic cell structure.
2. Write short notes on
(a) Microtubules
(b) Importance of carbon and water
3. Describe the different events of secretary pathway in the cell.
4. Describe the various ATP dependent transport mechanisms across the biological
membranes.
5. Explain the following
(a) Meiosis
(b) Yeast cell division
6. Write about
(a) Nucleoplasmic Interactions
(b) Differentiation in unicellular Organisms
7. What is Cell signaling? Also describe the role of Calcium in the signaling process.
8. Write in detail about
(a) Apoptosis
(b) Types of tumors

Code No: W2323
II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov,- 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. Write notes on
(a) Prokaryotic Cell
(b) Eukaryotic Cell
2. Give the Cytoskeleton and its functions in a Eukaryotic cell.
3. What are the different events that occur during the post – translational modifications?
4. Describe the various passive transport mechanisms across the biological membranes.
5. List out the different events that take place during the cell cycle with illustrations.
6. Explain the following
(a) Stem cells
(b) Cell differentiation
7. Give in detail about
(a) G-Proteins
(b) Steroids
8. Write about the role of Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.


Code No: W1021/R07 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
ELECTRO MAGNETIC WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Derive an expression for the electric field intensity due to a finite length line
charge along the z-axis at an arbitrary point Q(x, y, z).
(b) Find the force on a 100μC charge at (0, 0, 3)m if four like charges of 20μC
are located on x and y axes at ± 4m. [8+8]
2. (a) Find magnetic field strength, H, on the Z- axis at a point P(0,0,h), due to a
current carrying circular loop, x2 + y2 = A2 in Z=0 plane.
(b) Find the total magnetic flux crossing a surface, =
2 , 1 2 and 0
Z 5 due to a vector magnetic potential A = (− 2/4).bz webers/m [8+8]
3. (a) What is the inconsistency of Amperes law?
(b) A circular loop conductor of radius 0.1m lies in the z=0plane and has a resis-
tance of 5
given B=0.20 sin 103 t az T. Determine the current [8+8]
4. (a) For good dielectrics derive the expressions for , , and .
(b) Find , , and . for Ferrite at 10GHz 2 r = 9, μr = 4, = 10ms/m.
[8+8]
5. (a) Explain the difference between the Intrinsic Impedance and the Surface Im-
pedance of a conductor. Show that for a good conductor , the surface im-
pedance is equal to the intrinsic impedance.
(b) Define and distinguish between the terms perpendicular polarization, parallel
polarization, for the case of reflection by a perfect conductor under oblique
incidence. [8+8]
6. Derive the expressions for the E and H field components for TM waves in a parallel
plane wave guide, using Maxwell’s equations approach. [16]
7. (a) Explain the difference between the intrinsic impedance and the surface im-
pedance of conductor. Starting from the wave equation, show that for a good
conductor the surface impedance is equal to the intrinsic impedance.
(b) What is skin effect? Discuss the depth of penetration in dielectrics and con-
ductors, deriving the necessary relationships. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain clearly why the short circuited stub are preferred over to a open
circuited stubs?
(b) Derive the expression for the input impedance of a loss-less line. Hence eval-
uate ZSC and ZOC and sketch their variation with line length. [6+10]
1 of 2
Code No: W1021/R07 Set No. 1
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2 of 2
Code No: W1021/R07 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
ELECTRO MAGNETIC WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Obtain an expression for electric field intensity at a point, P(x, y, z) due to a
point charge located at Q(x0, y0, z0)
(b) Derive an expression for the electric field intensity due to an infinite length
line charge along the z-axis at an arbitrary point Q (x, y, z).
(c) A charge of −0.3μC is located at A (25, -30, 15) Cm and a second charge of
0.5 μ C is located at B (-10, 8, 12) Cm. Find the electric field strength, ‘E’ at
i. The origin
ii. Point P (15, 20, 50) Cm [4+6+6]
2. (a) State Maxwell’s equations for magneto static fields.
(b) Show that the magnetic field due to a finite current element along Z axis at
a point P, ‘r’ distance away along y- axis is given by H = (I/4 r)(sin 1 −
sin 2).ba where I is the current through the conductor , 1 and 2 are the
angles made by the tips of the conductor element at P. [6+10]
3. A square filamentary loop of wire is 25 cm on a side and has a resistance of 125

per meter length. The loop lies in z=0 plane with its corners at (0,0,0) (0.25,0,0),
(0.25,0.25,0) and (0,0.25,0) at t=0 the loop is moving with velocity vy = 50m/s
in the field Bz = 8cos(1.5 × 108t − 0.5x)μT. Develop a function of time which
expresses the ohmic power being delivered to the loop. [16]
4. (a) Explain skin depth and derive expression for depth of penetration for good
conductor.
(b) Find μr, 2 r and for a material in which at 100MHz, uniform plane wave has
= 2N /m = 1mand | | = 200ohm. [8+8]
5. (a) Define surface impedance and explain how it exists.
(b) Derive expression for Reflection and Transmission coefficients of an EM wave
when it is incident normally on a dielectric. [8+8]
6. (a) Define and derive the equations for phase and group velocities in a parallel
plane guide. On which factors do they depend ?.
(b) A parallel plate wave guide made of two perfectly conducting infinite planes
spaced 3 cm apart in air operates at a frequency of 10 GHz. Find the maximum
time average power that can be propagated per unit width of the guide for
TE1 and TM1 modes. [8+8]
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Code No: W1021/R07 Set No. 2
7. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Energy stored in electrostatic field.
(b) Boundary condition of a EM field.
(c) Circular wave guide
(d) Stub matching [4 × 4]
8. (a) What is the significance of standing wave ratio in a transmission line? Calcu-
late the Reflection coefficient and VSWR for a 50
lines, terminated with
i. matched Load
ii. Short circuit
iii. +j75
loads
iv. -j75
load.
(b) A 50
transmission line is terminated by an unknown impedance. The VSWR
is 4 and the first minimum is formed at 2 cm from the load end. The frequency
of Operation is 1 GHz. Design a single stub line matching for the above
conditions. [8+8]
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Code No: W1021/R07 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
ELECTRO MAGNETIC WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) State and explain Coulomb’s law using vector form of Coulomb’s force expres-
sion.
(b) Find the force on a charge of -100 mC located at P (2, 0, 5) in free space due
to another charge 300 μ C located at Q (1, 2, 3).
(c) State and express Gauss’s law in both integral and differential forms. [8+4+4]
2. (a) State Ampere’s circuital law. Specify the conditions to be met for determining
magnetic field strength, H, based on Ampere’s circuital law
(b) A long straight conductor with radius ‘a’ has a magnetic field strength H =
(Ir/2 a2) ˆa within the conductor (r < a) and H = (I/2 r) ˆa outside the
conductor (r > a) Find the current density J in both the regions (r < and r
> a)
(c) Define Magnetic flux density and vector magnetic potential. [4+8+4]
3. (a) Give the word statement for different boundary conditions
(b) The magnetic circuit shown in figure 3b has a uniform cross section of10−3m2.
If the circuit is energized by a current I(t)=3 sin 100 t A in the coil of N1
= 200 turns find the emf induced in the coil of N2=100 turns. Assume that
μ = 500μ0 [8+8]
Figure 3b
4. (a) Explain uniform plane wave propagation
(b) A lossy dielectric has an intrinsic impedance of 2006 300
at a particular fre-
quency. If at that frequency, the plane wave propagating through the dielec-
tric has the magnetic field component H=10e−ax cos(Wt-1/2x)ay A/m. Find
and [8+8]
5. (a) Define Complex Poynting vector and explain how to obtain an average power.
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Code No: W1021/R07 Set No. 3
(b) In free space E(z,t) = 50 cos (!t − z) ax V/m. calculate the average power
crossing a circular area of radius 2.5 m , in the z = constant plane. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain about attenuation in parallel-plate wave guides. Also draw attenu-
ation versus frequency characteristics of waves guided between parallel con-
ducting plates.
(b) A parallel plate wave guide made of two perfectly conducting infinite planes
spaced 3 cm apart in air operates at a frequency of 10 GHz. Find the maximum
time average power that can be propagated per unit width of the guide for
TE1 and TM1 modes. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the difference between the intrinsic impedance and the surface im-
pedance of conductor. Starting from the wave equation, show that for a good
conductor the surface impedance is equal to the intrinsic impedance.
(b) What is skin effect? Discuss the depth of penetration in dielectrics and con-
ductors, deriving the necessary relationships. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain clearly why the short circuited stub are preferred over to a open
circuited stubs?
(b) Derive the expression for the input impedance of a loss-less line. Hence eval-
uate ZSC and ZOC and sketch their variation with line length. [6+10]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: W1021/R07 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
ELECTRO MAGNETIC WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Using Gauss’s law derive expressions for electric field intensity and electric
flux density due to an infinite sheet of conductor of charge density C/cm
(b) A parallel plate capacitance has 500mm side plates of square shape separated
by 10mm distance. A sulphur slab of 6mm thickness with 2r = 4 is kept on
the lower plate find the capacitance of the set-up. If a voltage of 100 volts is
applied across the capacitor, calculate the voltages at both the regions of the
capacitor between the plates. [8+8]
2. (a) State Maxwell’s equations for magneto static fields.
(b) Show that the magnetic field due to a finite current element along Z axis at
a point P, ‘r’ distance away along y- axis is given by H = (I/4 r)(sin 1 − sin 2).ba where I is the current through the conductor , 1 and 2 are the
angles made by the tips of the conductor element at P. [6+10]
3. (a) Develop Maxwell’s equation involving r×E from fundamental considerations
of closed circuit
(b) A square loop of side 20 Cm is located in free space adjacent to a straight
conductor that carries a sinusoidal current of 0.5 A (rms) at 5KHz. If a small
gap of 5cm is introduced in to the loop what is the induced voltage across the
gap. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain uniform plane wave propagation
(b) A lossy dielectric has an intrinsic impedance of 2006 300
at a particular fre-
quency. If at that frequency, the plane wave propagating through the dielec-
tric has the magnetic field component H=10e−ax cos(Wt-1/2x)ay A/m. Find
and [8+8]
5. Prove that under the condition of no reflection at an interface, the sum of the
Brewster angle and the angle of refraction is 90 degrees for parallel polarization for
the case of reflection by a perfect conductor under oblique incidence , with neat
sketches. [16]
6. (a) Define and derive the equations for phase and group velocities in a parallel
plane guide. On which factors do they depend?
(b) Derive the relation = c g p 2
g
+ 2
c
where is free space wave length, g is the
wave length measured in the guide, and c is the cut off wave length. [8+8]
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Code No: W1021/R07 Set No. 4
7. (a) What is meant by the polarization of wave? When is the wave linearly polar-
ized and circularly polarized?
(b) A traveling wave has two linearly polarized components Ex = 2Coswt andEy =
3Cos (wt + /2)
i. what is the axial ratio.
ii. What is the tilt angle of the major axis of the polarization ellipse?
iii. What is the sense of rotation? [8+8]
8. (a) Derive a relation between reflection coefficient and characteristic impedance.
(b) Determine the reflection coefficients When
i. ZL = Z0
ii. ZL = shortcircuit
iii. ZL = open circuit Also find out the magnitude of reflection coefficient
When ZL is purely reactive . [8+8]
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