I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009 APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Code No: Y0101/R05 Set No. 1
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) How are the suspended impurities removed in the treatment of water for do-
mestic uses?
(b) Describe a method to estimate permanent hardness of water based on EDTA.
[8+8]
2. (a) Describe the various methods of internal treatment of water.
(b) Calculate the quantities in Kgs of lime-soda needed to soften 30,000 litres of
water having the following composition:-Mg(HCo3)2 = 14.6 mg/litre; Ca(HCo3)2
= 16.2 mg/litre; MgCl = 9.5mg/litre; CaSO4 = 13.6 mg/litre; NaCl=5.85
mg/litre; suspended impurities = 5.5 mg/litre. [8+8]
3. Justify the following statements with suitable examples.
(a) the rate of corrosion is dependant on the nature of the corroding environment.
(b) A pipe half buried in water undergoes corrosion fastly. [8+8]
4. (a) What is the process for chromium plating? Explain the main objectives and
uses. Give reasons why chromium plating has nickel undercoat.
(b) Write a brief account on sherardizing. [10+6]
5. (a) Differentiate between thermoplastics and thermoset plastic materials.
(b) Outline the preparation, properties and uses of PVC. [8+8]
6. (a) Write notes on:
i. magnesible bricks
ii. chromite bricks.
(b) How do you classify insulators ? Explain your answer with appropriate exam-
ples. [8+8]
7. Write notes on the following:-
(a) Flash and fire point
(b) Carbon residue
(c) Viscosity and viscosity index of lubricants. [5+5+6]
8. With the help of flow diagram explain the manufacture of Portland cement by wet
process. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: Y0101/R05 Set No. 2
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) How are the suspended impurities removed in the treatment of water for do-
mestic uses?
(b) Describe a method to estimate permanent hardness of water based on EDTA.
[8+8]
2. (a) Write briefly on boiler troubles.
(b) Calculate the quantities in Kgs of lime-soda needed to soften 30,000 litres
of water having the following composition salts: NaCl = 5.85 mg/liter; KCl
= 7.45 mg/litre; Ca(HCO3)2 = 40.5 mg/litre; Mg(HCO3)2 = 14.6 mg/litre;
Mg(NO3)2 = 14.8 mg/litre; CaCl2 = 12.1 mg/litre Determine the quantities
(in Kgs) of lime and soda required for softening 10,000 liters of water [8+8]
3. Explain the various corrosion reactions taking place at anodic and at cathodic areas
during the evolution of hydrogen type of corrosion and absorption of oxygen type
of corrosion. [16]
4. Explain the theory of electroplating of copper over a steel article. [16]
5. (a) Write briefly on compounding and fabrication of plastics.
(b) Describe the preparation, properties and uses of [9+7]
i. Plasticised PVC and
ii. Unplasticised PVC.
6. (a) How do you classify refractories ? Explain with suitable examples.
(b) Write a note on electrical insulators. [10+6]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Flash and fire points
(b) Cloud and pour point
(c) Carbon residue. [5+5+6]
8. Give an account of the following:-
(a) Chemical composition of cement
(b) Physical requirements of cement
(c) Chemical constitution of Portland cement. [5+6+5]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: Y0101/R05 Set No. 3
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) What is Potable water ?
(b) Explain the “Chlorinator” used in purification of drinking water.
(c) One litre of water from an underground reservoir in Anantapur showed the
following analysis for its contents Mg(HCo3)2 = 146mg; Ca(HCo3)2 = 81 mg;
MgSO4 = 120 mg; CaSO4 = 136 mg; suspended matter = 136 mg. calculate
the temporary, permanent and total hardness. [2+6+8]
2. (a) Explain the formation of priming and foaming in boilers.
(b) One litre of water from a borewell in Adilabad town showed the following
analysis:- Organic matter = 40.5 ppm; MgSO4 = 6.0 ppm; Mg(HCO3)2 =
40.5 ppm; CaSO4 = 6.8 ppm. Calculate the amount of lime and soda required
in Kgs to soften 20,000 liters of this water if the lime used is 80% pure and
soda is 90% pure. [8+8]
3. (a) Classify the different types of corrosion by quoting one example each.
(b) Explain the various types of dry corrosion processes taking place in metals.
[8+8]
4. (a) What is pickling ? Write down the composition of pickling bath used for Zn
and Fe.
(b) Write a brief account on Sherardizing, Coloring and Chromizing. [4+12]
5. (a) What is Crepe rubber and how is it made?
(b) Describe the preparation, properties and uses of
i. Thiokol rubber
ii. Neoprene rubber. [6+6+4]
6. (a) Explain the difference between thermal and electrical insulators.
(b) Write briefly on the applications of these two types of insulators. [8+8]
7. (a) What is the criteria for the selection of a lubricant.
(b) What is a carbon residue, how it is done and what does it signify? [8+8]
8. Give an account of the following:-
(a) Chemical composition of cement
(b) Physical requirements of cement
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Code No: Y0101/R05 Set No. 3
(c) Chemical constitution of Portland cement. [5+6+5]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: Y0101/R05 Set No. 4
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) What is break point chlorination ? What is its importance?
(b) A sample of MgSO4. 7 H2O was dissolved in water to make up one litre of the
solution. 20 ml of this solution, when titrated volumetrically required 20 ml of
0.2 M standard EDTA solution using EBT indicator. Determine the hardness
of this solution in terms of CaCO3 in ppm units. [8+8]
2. (a) Describe cold lime-soda process for softening of water.
(b) One litre of water from a borewell in Medak showed the following analysis:-
Organic matter = 40.5 ppm; MgSO4 = 60 ppm; CaSO4 = 68 ppm; Mg(HCO3)2
= 40.5 ppm; Ca(HCO3)2 = 73 ppm. Calculate the amount of lime and soda
required in Kgs to soften 10,000 liters of this water if the lime used is 80%
pure and soda is 80% pure. [8+8]
3. (a) What is meant by stress corrosion? What are its characteristics?
(b) Explain season cracking and caustic embrittlement. How is it prevented?[8+8]
4. (a) What is pickling ? Write down the composition of pickling bath used for Zn
and Fe.
(b) Write a brief account on Sherardizing, Coloring and Chromizing. [4+12]
5. (a) What is natural rubber? How is crude rubber obtained from latex?
(b) Discuss the compounding and fabrication of plastics. [8+8]
6. (a) Outline the important characteristics of refractories. ]
(b) Differentiate between the different types of insulating materials.
(c) Explain the use of silicone fluids as insulating materials. [8+4+4]
7. (a) Define and classify lubricants?
(b) What are the chemical and physical tests for lubricants? [4+12]
8. With the help of a neat diagram and chemical equations explain the calcinations of
limestone. Why should calcinations of limestone must be carried out at 1000-1200
oC? [16]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: Z0201/R05 Set No. 1
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
APPLIED PHYSICS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics
& Instrumentation Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering, Information
Technology, Electronics & Control Engineering, Computer Science &
Systems Engineering, Electronics & Telematics, Electronics & Computer
Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Prove that which type of the cubic crystal structure has closest packing of
atoms? [8]
(b) Derive the relation between the atomic radius and the unit cell dimension of
the crystal, mentioned above. [8]
2. (a) Sketch the planes with Miller indices (123) and (221) in the case of a simple
cubic structure. [4]
(b) Derive Bragg’s law for X-ray diffraction in crystals. [8]
(c) When a beam of X-rays of =1.8 A.U. is incident on a crystal surface, the
second order maximum is obtained at a glancing angle of 15o. Calculate the
corresponding inter-planar spacing. [4]
3. (a) Describe edge and screw dislocations. Draw Burgers circuit and slip planes
for them. [10]
(b) Explain the significance of Burgers vector. [6]
4. (a) What is Fermi level?
[2]
(b) Explain Fermi-Dirac distribution for electrons in a metal. Discuss its variation
with temperature. [8]
(c) Calculate the free electron concentration, mobility and drift velocity of elec-
trons in aluminum wire of length of 5 m and resistance 0.06
carrying a
current of 15 A, assuming that each aluminum atom contributes 3 free elec-
trons for conduction.
Given: Resistivity for aluminum = 2.7× 10−8
-m.
Atomic weight = 26.98
Density = 2.7 × 103 kg/ m3
Avagadro number = 6.025 × 1023 [6]
5. (a) Explain hysteresis curve for a ferro-electric material.. [6]
(b) Assuming Lorentz internal field, derive Clausius-Mosotti relation for dielectrics
in a.c. fields and hence define the complex dielectric constant. [6]
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Code No: Z0201/R05 Set No. 1
(c) Find the total polarisability of CO2, if its susceptibility is 0.985 × 10−3. Den-
sity of carbon dioxide is 1.977 kg/m3. [4]
6. (a) Explain superconducting phenomenon. [6]
(b) Distinguish between Type-I and Type-II superconductors. [6]
(c) Discuss various applications of superconductors. [4]
7. (a) What do you understand by population inversion? How it is achieved? [6]
(b) Derive the relation between the probabilities of spontaneous emission and
stimulated emission in terms of Einstein’s coefficients. [10]
8. (a) What are the advantages of an optical fibre communication system over the
conventional ones? [6]
(b) Describe the basic elements of a fibre optics communication system with block
diagram. [10]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: Z0201/R05 Set No. 2
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
APPLIED PHYSICS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics
& Instrumentation Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering, Information
Technology, Electronics & Control Engineering, Computer Science &
Systems Engineering, Electronics & Telematics, Electronics & Computer
Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Define coordination number and packing factor of a crystal. [4]
(b) Describe the FCC crystal structure. [6]
(c) Obtain an expression for the packing factor of FCC structure. [6]
2. (a) Explain Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction. [6]
(b) Describe Laue’s method for determination of crystal structure. [6]
(c) A beam of X-rays is incident on a NaCl crystal with lattice spacing 0.282
nm. Calculate the wavelength of X-rays if the first order Bragg reflection
takes place at a glancing angle of 8o350. Also calculate the maximum order of
diffraction possible. [4]
3. (a) Explain the following:
i. edge dislocation and
ii. screw dislocation [10]
(b) Explain the significance of Burgers vector. [6]
4. (a) Explain the salient features of quantum free electron theory. [4]
(b) Discuss the Kronig-Penny model for the motion of an electron in a periodic
potential. [8]
(c) Fermi energy of copper is 7 eV at room temperature. What is the total number
of electrons per unit volume with the energy greater than 8 eV? [4]
5. (a) What is ferromagnetism? What are the distinguishing features of ferromag-
netism? [8]
(b) What are ferrites? Explain the magnetic properties of ferrites and mention
their industrial applications. [8]
6. (a) Explain Meissner effect. [6]
(b) What is meant by isotopic effect? Explain with suitable example. [6]
(c) A superconducting material has a critical temperature of 3.7 K, and a magnetic
field of 0.0306 tesla at 0 K. Find the critical field at 2 K. [4]
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Code No: Z0201/R05 Set No. 2
7. (a) Explain with a neat diagram
i. absorption
ii. spontaneous emission and
iii. stimulated emission of radiation. [8]
(b) What is population inversion? How it is achieved by optical pumping? [8]
8. (a) Describe the construction of a typical optical fibre and give the dimensions of
the various parts. [4]
(b) Define the acceptance angle and numerical aperture. Obtain an expression for
the numerical aperture of an optical fibre. [8]
(c) Calculate the numerical aperture and acceptance angle for an optical fibre
with core and cladding refractive indices being 1.48 and 1.45 respectively. [4]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: Z0201/R05 Set No. 3
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
APPLIED PHYSICS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics
& Instrumentation Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering, Information
Technology, Electronics & Control Engineering, Computer Science &
Systems Engineering, Electronics & Telematics, Electronics & Computer
Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Explain the formation of an ionic crystal. [4]
(b) Derive an expression for the cohesive energy of an ionic crystal. [8]
(c) Calculate the cohesive energy of NaCl from the following data: [4]
Equilibrium separation between the ion pair = 0.281 nm.
Ionization energy of Na = 5.14 eV.
Electron affinity of Cl = 3.61 eV.
Born repulsive exponent = 9
Madelung constant = 1.748.
2. (a) Explain how the X-ray diffraction can be employed to determine the crystal
structure. [10]
(b) The distance between (110) planes in a Body-Centered Cubic structure is
0.203 nm. What is the size of the unit cell? What is the radius of the atom?
[6]
3. (a) Explain Schottky and Frenkel defects with the help of suitable figures. [10]
(b) Explain the significance of Burgers vector. [6]
4. (a) Explain the origin of energy bands in solids.
[6]
(b) Assuming the electron - lattice interaction to be responsible for scattering of
conduction electrons in a metal, obtain an expression for conductivity in terms
of relaxation time and explain any three draw backs of classical theory of free
electrons. [6]
(c) Find the temperature at which there is 1% probability of a state with an
energy 0.5 eV above Fermi energy. [4]
5. (a) Explain clearly the difference between hard and soft magnetic materials. What
are mixed ferrites? Mention their uses. [10]
(b) How ferrites are superior to ferromagnetic materials? [6]
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Code No: Z0201/R05 Set No. 3
6. (a) Explain the effect of temperature and dopent on the Fermi level in a semicon-
ductor. [10]
(b) i. Find the conductivity of intrinsic silicon at 300 K. It is given that ni at
300 K in silicon is 1.5 × 1016/m
3 and the mobilities of electrons and holes
in silicon are 0.13 m
2/V-s and 0.05 m
2/V-s respectively.
ii. If donor type impurity is added to the extent of one impurity atom in 108
silicon atoms, find the conductivity.
iii. If acceptor type impurity is added to the extent of one impurity atom in
108 silicon atoms, find the conductivity. [6]
7. (a) Describe the principle, construction and working of He-Ne laser. [10]
(b) Write the applications of laser. [6]
8. (a) Write notes on:
i. fibre materials
ii. light sources for fibre optics
iii. photo-detectors for fibre optics [6]
(b) Explain the terms
i. numerical aperture and
ii. acceptance angle of a fibre.
Derive expressions for them. [10]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: Z0201/R05 Set No. 4
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
APPLIED PHYSICS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics
& Instrumentation Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering, Information
Technology, Electronics & Control Engineering, Computer Science &
Systems Engineering, Electronics & Telematics, Electronics & Computer
Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Explain the formation of an ionic crystal. [4]
(b) Derive an expression for the cohesive energy of an ionic crystal. [8]
(c) Calculate the cohesive energy of NaCl from the following data: [4]
Equilibrium separation between the ion pair = 0.281 nm.
Ionization energy of Na = 5.14 eV.
Electron affinity of Cl = 3.61 eV.
Born repulsive exponent = 9
Madelung constant = 1.748.
2. (a) Sketch the following planes of a cubic unit cell: (001), (120) and (¯211). [3]
(b) Deduce the expression for the inter-planar distance in terms of Miller indices
for a cubic structure. [8]
(c) Calculate the ratio d100 : d110 : d111 for a simple cubic structure. [5]
3. (a) Explain the physical significance of wave function. [4]
(b) Assuming the time independent Schrodinger’s wave equation, discuss the so-
lution for a particle in a one-dimensional potential well of infinite height. [6]
(c) A quantum particle confined to one-dimensional box of width ‘a’ is known to
be in its first excited state. Determine the probability of the particle in the
central half. [6]
4. (a) How does the electrical resistance of a metal change with temperature? [4]
(b) Discuss the motion of an electron in a periodic lattice. [8]
(c) Find the relaxation time of conduction electrons in a metal having resistivity
1.54 × 10−8
-m, if the metal has 5.8 × 1028 conduction electrons per cubic
meter. [4]
5. (a) What is meant by local field in a dielectric? Explain. How is it calculated for
a cubic structure? [8]
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Code No: Z0201/R05 Set No. 4
(b) Obtain Clausius Mosotti equation which relates the macroscopic dielectric
constant with microscopic polarizability. [8]
6. (a) Explain superconducting phenomenon. [6]
(b) Distinguish between Type-I and Type-II superconductors. [6]
(c) Discuss various applications of superconductors. [4]
7. (a) Explain the terms:
i. temporal coherence
ii. population inversion
iii. metastable state
iv. stimulated emission [10]
(b) Why is the optical resonator required in lasers? Illustrate your answer with
neat sketches. [6]
8. (a) Derive expressions for the numerical aperture and the fractional index change
of an optical fibre. [8]
(b) Write a note on the applications of optical fibres. [4]
(c) Calculate the fractional index change for a given optical fibre if the refractive
indices of the core and the cladding are 1.563 and 1.498 respectively. [4]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: Z0301/R05 Set No. 1
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics, Production
Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) What is meant by carbonate and non-carbonate hardness of water?
(b) Explain why hard water does not produce leather foam with soap?
(c) A sample of hard water contains the following dissolved solids per litre.
Ca(HCO3)2 =16.4 mgs, Mg(HCO3)2 = 14.6 mgs, CaCl2 = 111 mgs,
MgSO4 = 12 mgs, CO2 = 44 mgs and CaSO4 =13.6 mgs. Calculate temporary
and permanent hardness of water in ppm and in degree clank. [6+4+6]
2. (a) Describe the basic principle and procedure involved in the Zeolite process of
treatment of water.
(b) A Zeolite softner was completely exhausted and was regenerated by passing
200 litres of sodium chloride solution, containing 107gms / litre. How many
litres of a sample of water of hardness 400 ppm can be softened by this softner?
[8+8]
3. (a) Give an account of the various factors which influence the rate of corrosion.
(b) Write a brief account on pilling-bedworth rule. [8+8]
4. Write note on: [16]
(a) Solvent cleaning
(b) Pickling and Etching
(c) Sand blasting.
5. (a) What is a homochain polymer? Give examples.
(b) What is polymerization? Explain the different types of polymerization with
examples. [4+12]
6. (a) Define flash and fire points.
(b) Discuss the important functions of lubricants. [16]
7. (a) Explain calcium-base, soda-base and lithium based greases.
(b) Write a notes on solid lubricants. [8+8]
8. (a) A fuel, containing 92% C and 4% H2 by mass, was burnt in 90% of air of
that required for complete combustion. Find out the % of composition of dry
product of combustion by mass, if H2 is burnt completely and no carbon is
left behind.
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Code No: Z0301/R05 Set No. 1
(b) Write a note on cracking. [10+6]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: Z0301/R05 Set No. 2
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics, Production
Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Give an account of the estimation of total hardness, and permanent hardness
of water by soap titration method.
(b) A sample of river water on analysis gave the following results. CO2 = 22 ppm,
H CO−
3 =305 ppm, Ca+2=80 ppm, M+2
g =48 ppm, total dissolved solids = 500
ppm. Calculate the corbnate and non-carbonate hardness of water in ppm,
oCl and oFr. [8+8]
2. Explain the basic principle, different methods, advantages and disadvantages of
lime-soda process. [16]
3. (a) What is corrosion? What are the units in which it is expressed? How is it
different from errosion?
(b) Explain the mechanism of electrochemical corrosion. [8+8]
4. (a) Write note on mechanical methods of surface cleaning.
(b) How is galvanization of Iron articles carried out? [8+8]
5. (a) Discuss the compounding of plastics?
(b) Explain the procedures used in the processing of Natural rubber.
(c) Write a note on urea formaldehyde resins. [5+5+6]
6. Explain the following two theories for the mechanism of the lubricants.
(a) Boundary lubrication
(b) Extreme pressure lubrication. [8+8]
7. (a) Write a notes on synthetic lubricants.
(b) Describe any four desirable properties of lubricant oil. [8+8]
8. (a) Describe the ultimate analysis of coal and its significance.
(b) Describe the manufacture of coke by Beahive oven method with a neat dia-
gram. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: Z0301/R05 Set No. 3
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics, Production
Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Write the basic principle involved in the determination of hardwater by EDTA
method. Explain the determination and significance of EDTA method.
(b) 100 ml of a sample of hard water required 50 ml of 0.01 M EDTA solution on
titration. 100 ml of the same water after boiling, filtering etc; required 30 ml
of the same EDTA solution on titration. Calculate the temporary hardness of
the water in ppm and in degree clark. [8+8]
2. (a) With the help of a neat diagram, explain the reverse osmosis method for
desalinationof brackish water.
(b) Write a brief account on boiler corrosion. [8+8]
3. Write a short account on the following:
(a) Pitting corrosion
(b) Stress corrosion. [8+8]
4. (a) Write note on mechanical methods of surface cleaning.
(b) How is galvanization of Iron articles carried out? [8+8]
5. (a) Distinguish between addition and condensation polymerization.
(b) Explain the differences between Thermoplastics and Thermosetting Plastics.
(c) What is meant by Degree of Polymerization? [6+6+4]
6. Explain the following two theories for the mechanism of the lubricants.
(a) Boundary lubrication
(b) Extreme pressure lubrication. [8+8]
7. Define and explain the following terms: [16]
(a) flash point
(b) fire point
(c) cloud point
(d) pour point
(e) Oiliness.
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Code No: Z0301/R05 Set No. 3
8. (a) Describe the ultimate analysis of coal and its significance.
(b) Describe the manufacture of coke by Beahive oven method with a neat dia-
gram. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: Z0301/R05 Set No. 4
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics, Production
Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) What is meant by carbonate and non-carbonate hardness of water?
(b) Explain why hard water does not produce leather foam with soap?
(c) A sample of hard water contains the following dissolved solids per litre.
Ca(HCO3)2 =16.4 mgs, Mg(HCO3)2 = 14.6 mgs, CaCl2 = 111 mgs,
MgSO4 = 12 mgs, CO2 = 44 mgs and CaSO4 =13.6 mgs. Calculate temporary
and permanent hardness of water in ppm and in degree clank. [6+4+6]
2. Give a detailed account on the following: [16]
(a) Caustic embrittlement
(b) Boiler corrosion.
3. Explain how corrosion control can be brought about by the following methods.
(a) Modifying the environment
(b) Cathodic protection. [8+8]
4. Explain the following terms: [16]
(a) Drying oil
(b) Thinners
(c) Driers
(d) Fillers.
5. (a) Describe the preparation properties and engineering uses of polyethylene.
(b) What is meant by Fabrication of plastics? Mention the different fabrication
techniques. [8+8]
6. Write short notes on the following properties of lubricants.
(a) Pour point
(b) Fire point
(c) Neutralization number
(d) Emulsification. [4x4]
7. Discuss the various types of liquid lubricants. [16]
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Code No: Z0301/R05 Set No. 4
8. (a) What are the explosives? what are the characteristics of an explosive?
(b) A coal sample has the following composition by weight.
C = 90%, O = 3%, S = 0.5%, N = 1.0% and ash = 3.0%
Net calorific value of the coal was found to be 8,490.5 kcal/gm. Calculate the
% of H2 and G.C.V. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: Y0801/R05 Set No. 1
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) What is gravimetry? Explain the principle involved in estimation of copper
by gravimetry. [10]
(b) Explain why precipitations are generally carried out in dilute solutions? [6]
2. Write the structure of EDTA? Explain its importance as complexing agent in
volumetric analysis. [16]
3. (a) Give a method for the determination of chromium by UV-Visible spectroscopy?
(b) Calculate the path length of solution with concentration of 8.8× 10−5 M having
a molar absorptivity of 8.17× 10−3 and absorbance of 0.88. [8+8]
4. (a) With a neat diagram, explain the functioning of IR.
(b) Explain how IR spectroscopy can be used to establish identity or non-identity
of organic molecules. [8+8]
5. (a) What are redox titrations? How will you conduct redox titrations by poten-
tiometric methods? Explain your answer with suitable examples.
(b) Describe the advantages of conductometric titrations. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain the principle involved in the determination of cadmium by
polarography. [8]
(b) Write short notes on:
i. Polarogram
ii. Illkovic equation. [8]
7. (a) Discuss the principle, technique and important applications of thin layer chro-
matography. [10]
(b) Write short notes on radial paper chromatography. [6]
8. Briefly explain the technique and various components of HPLC with a neat diagram
and describe their functioning. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: Y0801/R05 Set No. 2
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Mention the factors, which determine successfully quantitative analysis by
gravimetry. [6]
(b) Discuss the process of co-precipitation. [4]
(c) Explain why precipitations are carried out in dilute solutions. [6]
2. (a) Write an account of neutralization indicators. [8]
(b) Give the principle and procedure for the estimation of brass solder by
volumetric titration method. [8]
3. (a) Give a method for the determination of chromium by UV-Visible spectroscopy?
(b) Calculate the path length of solution with concentration of 8.8× 10−5 M having
a molar absorptivity of 8.17× 10−3 and absorbance of 0.88. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain with examples, how IR spectroscopy can be used to differentiate
inter-molecular hydrogen bonding from intra molecular hydrogen bonding?
(b) Write a note on finger printing of organic molecules by IR spectroscopy. [8+8]
5. (a) Discuss the potentiometric titration of ferrous ammonium sulphate versus
potassium dichromate.
(b) Describe the conductometric titration of HCl Vs NaOH. [8+8]
6. Briefly enumerate advantages of polarography, with special reference to the organic
compound’s analysis. [16]
7. (a) Discuss the theory behind selection of a solvent system in paper chromatog-
raphy.
(b) Write notes on applications of paper chromatography. [8+8]
8. (a) With a block diagram discuss the various components of gas chromatography.
[10]
(b) Outline the importance of HPLC. [6]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: Y0801/R05 Set No. 3
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Explain the following: -
(a) Post-precipitation and Co-precipitation [6]
(b) Digestion in gravimetry [6]
(c) Occlusion and Peptisation. [4]
2. (a) Write short notes on complexometric titrations. [8]
(b) Write a brief account of redox reactions. [8]
3. (a) What is Beer-Lambert’s law. Explain different terms involved in it and give
its applications.
(b) A compound having a mol.wt of 100 dissolved in methanol showed an optical
density of 0.850 when exposed to UV radiation. If the molar absorptivity of
the compound is 17,000 and cell thickness 1.0 cm, calculate the concentration
of the compound in mg/10 ml. [8+8]
4. With a neat diagram, explain the various components of an IR instrument and
explain their importance with applications. [16]
5. (a) Explain the titration curve for a weak acid versus a weak base by conducto-
metric method.
(b) Explain the redox titrations by potentiometric method with the help of a
suitable example. [8+8]
6. (a) What is E1/2? Describe its importance in quantitative analysis.
(b) Write short notes on amperometric titrations. [8+8]
7. (a) What are the advantages of solvent extraction process?
(b) Enumerate the various applications of Thin Layer Chromatography. [8+8]
8. Briefly explain the technique and various components of HPLC with a neat diagram
and describe their functioning. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: Y0801/R05 Set No. 4
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Explain briefly the applications of gravimetric analysis. [10]
(b) Differentiate between post-precipitation and co-precipitation with suitable ex-
amples. [6]
2. (a) Write short notes on complexometric titrations. [8]
(b) Write a brief account of redox reactions. [8]
3. (a) Describe a method for the estimation of chromium by UV-Visible method.
(b) Calculate the energy associated with one Einstein of light having a wave length
of 60000A. (h = 6.6× 10−27 ergs/mole) [8+8]
4. (a) With a neat diagram, explain the functioning of IR.
(b) Explain how IR spectroscopy can be used to establish identity or non-identity
of organic molecules. [8+8]
5. (a) Write short notes on
i. Buffer solutions
ii. Advantages of glass electrode.
(b) What was the pH of a solution if the potential of the glass electrode against
Ag/AgCl electrode was (-) 0.135 V ? [ Eglass = (-) 0.333 V at pH 4.10] [8+8]
6. What are coulometric techniques? Write the general characteristics of coulometric
methods. [16]
7. (a) Explain the principle and applications of thin layer chromatography.
(b) Briefly outline the various essential requirements for a good extractant. [8+8]
8. Discuss the following:-
(a) Analytical applications of gas chromatography.
(b) Fluorescence detector in HPLC. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: Y2101/R05 Set No. 1
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
NUMERICAL METHODS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Find a real root of x4 − x − 10=0 using bisection method.
(b) Find a real root of the equation xex − cosx = 0 by iteration method. [8+8]
2. (a) Construct difference table for the following data:
x 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3
f(x) 0.003 0.067 0.148 0.248 0.370 0.518 0.697
And find f(0.6) using a cube that fits at x=0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 using Newton’s
forward formula.
(b) Find f(35) using Lagrange’s interpolation formula
x 25 30 40 50
f(x) .52 67.3 84.1 94.4
[8+8]
3. (a) Derive normal equations to fit the parabola y = a + bx + cx2.
(b) Fit a curve of the form y=a(b)x for the following data by the method of least
squares.
x 2 3 4 5 6
y 8.3 15.4 33.1 64.2 127.4
[6+10]
4. Use Gram Schmidt process to construct first four orthogonal polynomials on [0,1]
with respect to the weight function w(x) = 1 [16]
5. (a) Find the maximum and minimum values of f(x)
x 3 4 5 6 7 8
f(x) .205 .24 .259 .262 .25 .224
(b) Given that
x 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2
f(x) 1.3863 1.4351 1.4816 1.5261 1.5658 1.6094 1.6487
Evaluate
5.2
R
4
f(x)dx using Weddle’s rule [8+8]
6. Solve the following tridiagonal system
4x1 + 3x2 = –1, 2x1 + 5x2 + 3x3 = 6, 5x2 + x3 – 2x4 = 6, 4x3 + x4 = 4 by a
simple method [16]
1 of 2
Code No: Y2101/R05 Set No. 1
7. Find y(.1) and y(.2) using Runga-kutta 4th order formula given that y0 = x2 − y
and y(0)=1 [16]
8. Solve the equation @2u
@x2 + @2u
@y2 = 0 for the region bounded by 0 x 4, 0 y 4
the boundary conditions being u=0 at x=0 and u=8+2y at x=4, u = 1
2x2 at y=0
and u=x2 when y=4 with h=k=1. By Gauss Seidel method [16]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: Y2101/R05 Set No. 2
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
NUMERICAL METHODS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Find a real root of the equation log10 x=1.2 which lies between 2 and 3 by
bisection method.
(b) Find a root of the equation xex
− cosx=0 using iteration method. [8+8]
2. (a) Construct difference table for the following data:
x 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3
f(x) 0.003 0.067 0.148 0.248 0.370 0.518 0.697
And find f(0.6) using a cube that fits at x=0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 using Newton’s
forward formula
(b) Find log(337.5) from the following table using Gauss backward formula.
x 310 320 330 340 350 360
logx 2.49136 2.50515 2.51851 2.53148 2.54407 2.55630
[8+8]
3. (a) Fit a straight line for the following data
x 2 7 9 1 5 12
y 13 21 23 14 15 21
(b) Fit a straight line of the form y=a+bx
x 0 1 2 3
y 2 5 8 11
w 1 2 2 3
[8+8]
4. (a) Using Fourier integral show that
1
Z
0
1 − cos

sin x d =

2
, 0 if < x <
= 0, if x >
(b) Find the Fourier sine transform of x
a2+x2 and Fourier cosine transform of 1
a2+x2
using the results in (a). [8+8]
5. (a) Evaluate
5.2
R4
log xdx taking h=.2 using Weddle’s rule
(b) Evaluate
2
R0
e−x2
dx using Simpson’s rule taking h = 0.25. [8+8]
1 of 2
Code No: Y2101/R05 Set No. 2
6. (a) Solve the linear system of equations by Gauss elimination method
x1 + 5x2 + x3 = 9, x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 6, x1 – x2 + 2x3 = 4
(b) Find whether the system of equations
x1 + 2x2 + x3 – 2x4 = 6, 2x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 – 2x4 = 8,
3x1 + x2 + 2x3 - x4 = 4, 4x1 +2x2 + 2x3 – 3x4 = 9
is consistant, if so solve them. [8+8]
7. Use Runga-Kutta fourth order method to evaluate y(.1) and y(.2), given that dy
dx =
x + y, y(0) = 1 [16]
8. Solve the equation @2u
@x2 + @2u
@y2 = 0 in the domain of the figure 8 by Gauss Seidel
method [16]
Figure 8
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: Y2101/R05 Set No. 3
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
NUMERICAL METHODS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Prove that Newton’s method has a quadratic convergence.
(b) Find a root of the equation xsinx + cosx = 0 nearer to using Newton-
Raphson method to three decimal places. [8+8]
2. (a) Given the following table find approximately the value of y(-0.5).
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5
y: 27 32 25 36 32 41
Use Newton’s forward difference formula.
(b) Find the polynomial which fits the data in the following table using Gauss
forward formula.
x 3 5 7 9 11
y 6 24 58 108 174
[8+8]
3. (a) Fit a parabola of the form y = a + bx + cx2.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 4.63 2.11 .67 .09 .63 2.15 4.58
(b) Fit a curve of the form y=aebx.
x 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
y .1 .45 2.15 9.15 40.35 180.75
[6+10]
4. Use the Fast Fourier transform to determine the trigonometric interpolating poly-
nomial of degree 8 on x2cosx on [− , ]
5. (a) Find f0(5) from the following table representing y=f(x)
x 0 2 3 4 7 9
y 4 26 58 112 466 922
(b) Evaluate
/2
R0
sin xdx using
i. Trapezoidal rule
ii. Simpson’s 1
3rd rule by dividing the range into 10 intervals [8+8]
1 of 2
Code No: Y2101/R05 Set No. 3
6. (a) Find the LU decomposition of A =
2
4
3 −6 −3
2 0 6
−4 7 4
3
5 using Gauss elimination
method
(b) Solve the following tridiagonal system.
x1 – 3x2 = 6
2x1 + 4x2 + x3 = 4
x2 + 4x3 = 7 [8+8]
7. Use Runge-Kutta method to obtain an approximate solution to the differential
equation dy
dx = y −x+5 at the points x=2.1, 2.2, 2.3 with initial condition y(2)=1.
[16]
8. Solve the equation @2u
@x2 + @2u
@y2 = 0 for the region bounded by 0 x 4, 0 y 4
the boundary conditions being u=0 at x=0 and u=8+2y at x=4, u = 1
2x2 at y=0
and u=x2 when y=4 with h=k=1. By Gauss Seidel method [16]
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: Y2101/R05 Set No. 4
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
NUMERICAL METHODS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Find a real root of the equation by x3
− 4x − 9=0 by bisection method.
(b) Find a real root of the equation xex=1 by Newton-Raphson method. [8+8]
2. (a) Use Newton’s forward difference formula to find f(22) and f(42) from the fol-
lowing table
x 20 25 30 35 40 45
y 354 332 291 260 231 204
(b) Find y(35) using Lagrange’s intepolation formula
x 25 30 40 50
y 52 67.3 84.1 94.4
[8+8]
3. (a) Fit a straight line y=ax + b for the following data.
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 5 10 22 38
(b) Fit a curve of the form y = aebx.
x 1 2 3 4
y 1.65 2.7 4.5 7.35
[8+8]
4. Find the Fast Fourier transforms for data point [xj , yj ] = 0 where xj = − + j /4,
j=0,1,2....7 and m=4 [16]
5. (a) Find the first two derivatives at x=2.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 0 1 8 27 64 125
(b) Evaluate
1
R
0
dx
1+x2 using simpson’s 1
3rd rule taking h=.1 [8+8]
6. (a) Verify whether the following set of equations are consistent, if so solve them.
2x1 + x2 – x3 = 3, x1–2x2–2x3=1, −x1 + 2x2 – 3x3 = 9
(b) Solve the following equations by expressing the coefficient matrix as a product
of a lower triangular and upper triangular matrices
2x1 + x2 – 2x3 = –3, x1 – 3x2 + 2x3 = 4, x1 + x2 – 2x3 = –4 [8+8]
1 of 2
Code No: Y2101/R05 Set No. 4
7. Use Runga-Kutta fourth order method to evaluate y(.1) and y(.2), given that dy
dx =
x + y, y(0) = 1 [16]
8. Solve the equation @2u
@x2 + @2u
@y2 = 0 in the domain of the figure 8 by Gauss Seidel
method [16]
Figure 8
? ? ? ? ?
2 of 2
Code No: Y2303/R05 Set No. 1
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Write short notes on:
(a) Importance of cell size
(b) Biodiversity. [2 × 8 = 16]
2. What are Cytokines? What role do they play in plant growth and development?
[16]
3. Explain the Protozoan parasite caused disease “Amoebiasis” in detail. [16]
4. What does Translation of proteins refer to? Explain. [16]
5. Explain the role of hormones in human reproduction. [16]
6. Write short notes on:
(a) Rods and cones
(b) Mechanism of olfaction
(c) Structure of human ear
(d) Biological importance of taste. [4x4=16]
7. Discuss the development of biotechnology in the field of medicine with special
reference to new drugs development. [16]
8. What types of genetically determined traits would be associated with increased
crop production? [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: Y2303/R05 Set No. 2
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Discuss the utility significance of Algae to mankind. [16]
2. (a) Describe the structure of a typical Angiosperm plant flower.
(b) Differences between Dicots and Monocots. [2 ×8=16]
3. (a) Differentiate Allopatric and Sympatric speciation.
(b) What are “pre” and “post”zygotic mechanisms of reproductive barrier?[2×8=16]
4. Explain Watson and Crick’s model of DNA. [16]
5. Explain in brief the organs and organ systems present in the human body and
describe their major functions. [16]
6. Explain in detail the structure and functions of neuron. [16]
7. Discuss the development of biotechnology in the field of medicine with special
reference to new drugs development. [16]
8. Explain the technical and economic advantages in the use of microbial enzymes.
[16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: Y2303/R05 Set No. 3
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Discuss the utility significance of Algae to mankind. [16]
2. Write short notes on:
(a) Abscisic acid
(b) Cytokines. [2× 8 = 16]
3. What are ecological pyramids? [16]
4. With reference to recombinant DNA technology, explain. [2 ×8=16]
(a) Vectors
(b) Restriction enzymes.
5. Explain in brief the organs and organ systems present in the human body and
describe their major functions. [16]
6. Describe the olfactory area in the nose with the help of a diagram and explain the
mechanism of olfaction. [16]
7. Define biotechnology and explain the areas of interest in Biotechnology. [16]
8. Discuss the gene transfer in dicot and monocot plants. What are the applications
of transgenic plants. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: Y2303/R05 Set No. 4
I B.Tech Supplementary Examinations, November 2009
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Discuss the importance of five-kingdom classification. [16]
2. What are Cytokines? What role do they play in plant growth and development?
[16]
3. How does Fasciolopsis buski as a parasite affect man? [16]
4. Describe the double helix structure of DNA. [16]
5. Explain the human body fluid compartments and describe the intracellular and
extra cellular body fluids and their functions. [16]
6. What important features do all sensory receptors have in common? [16]
7. Discuss some important historical milestones in development of molecular biotech-
nology. [16]
8. Define monoclonal antibody? By using ELISA test how viruses will be detected in
plants, animals and human beings. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1